Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with pulmonary neoplasia in three dogs

Pérez-Accino, Jorge; Liuti, Tiziana; Pecceu, Evi; Cazzini, Paola

doi:10.1111/jsap.13101

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon, non-infectious, inflammatory lung disease histologically characterized by intra-alveolar lipid and lipid-laden macrophages in the alveoli [ 30 , 31 ]. Consolidation of the lung parenchyma, accumulation of acellular acidophilic substance and fibrin exudation were among the histological findings in this animal, which is consistent with previous reports of this pathology in other species [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the lipid source, this condition is classified as exogenous or endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP). The former has been widely described in human and veterinary medicine and is caused by a chronic foreign body reaction to fatty substances in the alveoli, after the inhalation or aspiration of laxative mineral oils [ 31 ]. Although the pathogenic mechanism of EnLP is not completely understood, it is probably related to pneumocyte injury, leading to alveolar lipid deposition [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human medicine, EnLP is known to be associated with pulmonary neoplasia. Indeed, both concomitant pathologies have already been described in cats [ 31 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center

Silva

Rêma

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Animals

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Most of the pathologies that affect hedgehogs are diagnosed postmortem; thus, it is essential to share knowledge between clinicians and pathologists in order to recognize predispositions to diseases and to establish adequate diagnostic and therapeutic plans. This study aimed to describe the most relevant postmortem pathological conditions in a group of six rescued African pygmy hedgehogs, performed over a period of four months. Hedgehogs were submitted to necropsy examinations and subsequent histopathological analyses. Microscopically, all the studied hedgehogs revealed alterations in one or more organ systems. Although a significant and diverse number of pathological conditions were obtained, this study focused on less common or more relevant pathologies found in African pygmy hedgehogs—namely, wobbly hedgehog syndrome, squamous cell carcinoma and mast cell tumors. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first report of Mycobacterium spp. in hedgehogs in Portugal, the second report of follicular thyroid carcinoma in an African pygmy hedgehog, the description of a lipoid pneumonia for the first time in this species and a lung adenocarcinoma—a pathology rarely reported in African pygmy hedgehogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center

Silva

Rêma

Teixeira

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Dirofilaria immitis infection was also reported associated with EnLP in a dog [9] since heartworm disease leads to pulmonary cell injury [2,12]. Other studies suggest that lung neoplasm is involved [13] and it was first described recently in dogs [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Maltese Dog with Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia

Alberigi

Bendas

Soares

et al. 2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pneumothorax is a clinical condition which can cause respiratory distress. It can have as its origin traumatic causes or even classified as spontaneous, mainly related to diseases of the lung parenchyma. Lipoid pneumonia is rarely described in dogs, and it is characterized by globules of lipid in the alveolar spaces. Endogenous lipoid pneumonia (EnLP) occurs when lesions on pulmonary cells release cholesterol and other lipids in the alveoli. There is no clinical approach established for EnLP in veterinary patients. The aim of this report is to describe a case of a young Maltese dog, with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in which EnLP was diagnosed Post mortem.Case: A 2-year-old sexually intact male Maltese dog was evaluated for restrictive dyspnea. Clinicopathologic findings included cyanotic, muffled chest auscultation with hypersonic thoracic percussion. Chest x-ray demonstrated an increase in pleuropulmonary radio transparency and a floating-looking heart, indicating pneumothorax. Complete blood counts andbiochemical panel results were normal. Dirofilaria immitis antigen test results were negative. Computed tomography demonstrated slightly hyper-expanded pulmonary fields, with slightly enlarged reticular marking with areas of mild multicentric panlobular emphysema and a fracture on the sixth left rib. The treatment was focused on improving the breathing pattern through sedation, supplementation with oxygen, and thoracentesis. Owing to the reserved prognosis of the case, the unknown etiology of the recurrent pneumothorax, and the clinical worsening of the patient, the owner opted for euthanasia. Necropsy displayed multiple, circular whitish areas in the lungs, distributed over the surface of all lobes. Histopathological examination revealed pulmonary tissue with the subpleural micronodular foci, multifocal to coalescent, with a moderate accumulation of foamy intra-alveolar macrophages, occasionally multinucleate, associated with cholesterol crystals compatible with endogenous lipid pneumonia. Discussion: The patient presented with clinical signs and physical examination characteristics of pneumothorax at the first visit. After the pneumothorax diagnosis, and clinical stabilization of the patient. No predisposing factor for the formation of the pneumothorax was identified as the radiography revealed only bronchitis and blood tests were normal, the patient was thus discharged after 24 h, with the recommendations for observing the breathing pattern. Initially, spontaneous pneumothorax was suspected. The antibiotics were administered since bacterial pneumonia, although not confirmed on chest x-ray, is the main cause of pneumothorax in dogs is lung parenchyma disease. With the worsening of the clinical condition of the patient, CT was performed and did not demonstrate any findings that would justify the presence of pneumothorax. Despite the placement of the chest tube for facilitating the management of thoracentesis, there was no stabilization of the condition, enhancing the frequency of centesis procedures, which led to the decision to euthanize. The microscopic examination of the pulmonary alterations was decisive for the diagnostic conclusion. The visualization of the accumulation of foamy intra-alveolar macrophages, occasionally multinucleate, associated with cholesterol crystals, was responsible for the diagnosis of EnLP. This condition is rarely described in dogs and as in the present report, it is a noninfectious inflammatory condition, characterized by intra- or extracellular globules of lipid in the alveolar spaces. In the present report, although it was not possible to determine the etiology of EnLP, we can conclude that although rare, it can affect dogs and can generate severe clinical repercussions.

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“…A pneumonia lipoide, vem sendo descrita com maior frequência em seres humanos (Albuquerque-Filho, 2006;Caswell e Williams, 2007). Na medicina veterinária já foi descrita em caninos, podendo estar associada à neoplasias (Pérez-Accino et al, 2021). Entretanto, habitualmente são resultantes da inalação acidental de óleo ou derivado por refluxo gástrico, o que pode acarretar um processo inflamatório intersticial crônico proliferativo do parênquima pulmonar, levando à pneumonia ou mesmo óbito (Albuquerque-Filho, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pneumonia lipoide exógena em peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus): relato de caso

Attademo

Freire²,

Sousa

et al. 2021

Med. Vet. (UFRPE)

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O peixe-boi-marinho (Trichechus manatus) é um dos mamíferos aquáticos mais ameaçados de extinção do Brasil. A reabilitação e soltura dos filhotes resgatados no litoral do nordeste tem sido uma das principais medidas de conservação para a espécie. Foi realizado o relato de caso de um filhote de peixe-boi resgatado pelo Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos, que após alimentação com mistura láctea hiperlipídica contendo óleo mineral, passou a apresentar alterações de flutuabilidade e edemaciação da região ventral. Foram realizados exames hematológicos, comportamentais e de imagem no animal. A tomografia computadorizada indicou uma pneumonia lipoide exógena. Para a descrição do caso, foram utilizados os prontuários clínicos da instituição. O protocolo terapêutico preconizado foi realizado em conjunto com o acompanhamento clínico e, sempre que necessário readequado conforme a evolução do quadro. Durante o tratamento, foram fornecido antibioticoterapia, antiinflamatório, polivitamínicos, probióticos, além da alimentação láctea. Após o tratamento terapêutico, o quadro apresentou involução dos achados clínicos e o animal voltou as condições normais, voltando a fazer parte do plantel de soltura de peixes-bois da instituição. Após este caso clínico, foi suspensa na instituição a adição de óleo de origem mineral na alimentação dos animais, pois considerou-se que este fator pode ter sido um agravo ao caso. Este relato documenta as alterações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento adotado para a doença em peixe-boi-marinho.

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Endogenous lipoid pneumonia associated with pulmonary neoplasia in three dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center

Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center

Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Maltese Dog with Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia

Pneumonia lipoide exógena em peixe-boi marinho (Trichechus manatus): relato de caso

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