Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Traumatic Memory Extinction: Implications for PTSD

Lau, Catherine Y.; Whiteman, Jesse D.; Blundell, Jacqueline

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_25

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Another is atrophy of hippocampal structures, the amygdala bulbs and multiple cortical regions (Bukhbinder and Schulz 2016;Chao 2016;Stillman and Aupperle 2016). Although it is difficult to disentangle predispositions and symptoms, extended elevation of stress-related hormones can lead to glucocorticoid toxicity and anatomical alterations such as hippocampal shrinkage (Lau et al 2016). But glucocorticoids play life-preserving and indeed epistemically-enhancing roles through their involvement in adrenalin release and heightened vigilance (Sherin and Nemeroff 2011).…”

Section: Avoiding and Creating Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipating and enacting worlds: moods, illness and psychobehavioral adaptation

Crippen

2023

Phenom Cogn Sci

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Anticipating and Enacting Worlds: Moods, Illness and Psychobehavioral AdaptationPredictive processing theorists have claimed PTSD and depression are maladaptive and epistemically distorting because they entail wide gaps between top-down models and bottom-up information inflows. Without denying this is sometimes so, the "maladaptive" label carries questionable normative assumptions. For instance, trauma survivors facing significant risk of subsequent attacks may overestimate threats to circumvent further trauma, "bringing forth" concretely safer personal spaces, to use enactive terminology, ensuring the desired gap between predicted worries and outcomes. The violation of predictive processing can go in the opposite direction too, as when depression coincides with energy-depletion, and hence objectively strenuous situations in which things look farther away because they are (accurately anticipated to be) harder to reach. These examples partly encapsulate what predictive processing theorists call "active inference," yet with differences. In the first case, actions fruitfully obviate predictions rather than fulfilling them. In the second, mental models do not dysregulate bodily processes, making coping harder. Instead, problems (e.g., personal obstacles, gastric illness) deplete energy, eliciting a depressive and adaptive slow-down. Some predictive proponents narrowly apply correspondence criteria when alleging mismatches between internal models and the world, while incongruously asserting that the brain did not evolve to see things veridically, but to execute actions. An alternative is to adopt pluralistic, pragmatic epistemologies suited to the complexity of mind. The upshot is that mental outlooks can depart from the norm without epistemically being distorted and that mismatches between anticipatory worries and outcomes, when they actually exist, can be a measure of adaptive and epistemic success.

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Section: Avoiding and Creating Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipating and enacting worlds: moods, illness and psychobehavioral adaptation

Crippen

2023

Phenom Cogn Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Traumatic Memory Extinction: Implications for PTSD

Cited by 1 publication

References 56 publications

Anticipating and enacting worlds: moods, illness and psychobehavioral adaptation

Anticipating and enacting worlds: moods, illness and psychobehavioral adaptation

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