Endogenous antioxidant systems of two teleost fish, the rainbow trout and the black bullhead, and the effect of age

Otto, Diana M. E.; Moon, Thomas W.

doi:10.1007/bf02112362

Cited by 84 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous studies in which these enzyme activities have been measured in fish have often focussed on their role in pollutant detoxification (Livingstone et al, 1992Peters et al, 1994;Martinez-Lara et al, 1996) or developmental aspects (Aceto et al, 1994;Otto and Moon, 1996;Peters and Livingstone, 1996). No interactions were observed between dietary vitamin E and antioxidant defence enzyme activities in Atlantic salmon (Lygren et al, 2000) and no clear relationship between dietary or tissue PUFA/vitamin E ratios and liver antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in gilthead sea bream (Mourente et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidised oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E

et al. 2002

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Previously, we had shown that altering the highly unsaturated fatty acid(HUFA)/vitamin E ratios in sea bream (Sparus aurata) livers significantly affected their peroxidation status, with fish fed the diet rich in HUFA and low in vitamin E showing significantly higher values of lipid peroxidation products, without, however, significant effects on liver antioxidant defence enzyme activities. The aim of the present trial was to further characterise the biochemical indicators of peroxidative stress in juvenile sea bream. A high pro-oxidative stress was induced by feeding diets containing around 7% of the dry weight as n-3HUFA. The potential peroxidative stress was increased by oxidising the oil, increasing the peroxide value of the oil some 10-fold. These oils were fed without or with supplemental vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate at 200 mg.kg -1 dry diet) giving four diets in total. Fish were sampled after 30 and 60 days of feeding the experimental diets. None of the diets had any serious deleterious effects on growth and mortality of the fish during the trial. Similarly, there were few significant effects due to dietary oxidised oil or supplementary vitamin E on liver lipid and fatty acid profiles of livers and, in particular, the proportions of HUFA were not decreased by dietary oxidised oil. The vitamin E content of the liver reflected the vitamin E contents of the diets but was also affected by dietary oxidised oil being reduced by oxidised oil in fish fed diets without supplemental vitamin E but, unexpectedly, increased by oxidised oil in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E. Liver TBARS levels were significantly lower in fish fed diets supplemented with vitamin E whereas dietary oxidised oil had no major effects on lipid peroxidation products. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were both increased in fish fed dietary oxidised oil and reduced by supplementary vitamin E after 30 days feeding.In contrast glutathione peroxidase was less affected by the diets, and the activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase were only reduced by dietary vitamin E after 60 days of feeding. However, all the enzyme activities were significantly affected by the duration of feeding, but the number of interactions between the three factors (time, oil and vitamin E) showed that the relationships were complicated. In conclusion, the present study showed that feeding diets containing oxidized oil significantly affected the activities of liver antioxidant defence enzymes and that dietary vitamin E partially abrogated these effects.Growth and survival of the fish were relatively unaffected suggesting that the responses in sea bream offered effective protection. However, the duration of feeding the diets of high pro-oxidative stress was observed to have a hitherto unknown effect, possibly the result of an adaptive process, but which requires further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidised oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E

et al. 2002

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“…There have been many studies on the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems in fish (Roche and Boge, 1993;Murata et al, 1996) particularly in relation to specific oxidative stresses (Pedrajas et al, 1995;Rana and Singh, 1996) but also including studies in relation to age and development (Otto and Moon, 1996). However, there have been few studies specifically investigating the activity of the enzyme systems in larval stages (Aceto et al, 1994;Peters et al, 1994;Peters and Livingstone, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between antioxidants, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products during early development in Dentex dentex eggs and larvae

et al. 1999

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The overall aim is the characterization of the antioxidant systems in marine fish during early development in order to enhance growth and quality of early life stages by avoiding oxidation problems that may cause pathologies and disease. The present study determined the activities of the antioxidant system enzymes and levels of vitamin E, lipid peroxidation products and fatty acids during early development without exogenous feeding in the marine fish, Dentex dentex. Samples of fertilized eggs just prior to hatch, newly hatched larvae and unfed larvae up to day 9 after hatch were analysed on a daily basis.The larvae did not grow during the experiment and by day 9 the surviving larvae weighed only a third of the newly hatched larvae. Lipid was a major energy source during this period of starvation as evidenced by greatly decreased amounts of total lipid due to a preferential utilisation of neutral lipids. All groups of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) were consumed throughout the starvation period. Vitamin E levels were relatively constant until significantly declining by days 8 and 9. Similarly, levels of lipid-soluble fluorescent products (LSFP) were relatively constant until day 6 and then significantly decreased from days 7 to 9. In contrast, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was very high in eggs but was 3-fold lower in newly hatched larvae and then decreased over the whole time-course and was also significantly lower on days 8 and 9.The activities of enzymes of the antioxidation system were expressed in both eggs and early larvae and varied during the developmental period with levels of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) being initially low in eggs whereas glutathione-Stransferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in eggs than in larvae.Overall, the activities of catalase and GPX increased, whereas GST and total SOD activities decreased, during the early stages of development during a period where there was no exogenous dietary input into the larvae. Glutathione reductase activity was very low and showed an increasing trend initially until days 2-3 before declining and varying over the remaining period.In conclusion, we determined the prooxidant (polyunsaturated fatty acid) status, antioxidant status (vitamin E), peroxidation status (MDA and LSFP) and the activities of the antioxidant enzyme systems in a single integrated study in unfed marine fish larvae during early development.

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“…The activities of the antioxidant enzymes have been measured in marine fish including sardine (Sardina pilchardus) (Peters et al 1994) and turbot larvae (Peters et al 1996) and freshwater fish such as rainbow trout and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) (Aceto et al 1994;Otto and Moon 1996). However these studies focussed on the role of the enzymes in pollutant detoxification (Peters et al 1994) or developmental aspects (Aceto et al 1994;Otto and Moon 1996;Peters and Livingstone 1996) rather than the effects of dietary nutrients. In mammals, the effects of dietary PUFA, including fish oil, on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in liver are…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mourente

Dı́az-Salvago

Tocher

et al. 2000

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

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2Lipid peroxidation, specifically polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation is highly deleterious, resulting in damage to cellular biomembranes, and may be a principal cause of several diseases in fish including jaundice and nutritional muscular dystrophy. Tissue lipid PUFA content and composition are critical factors in lipid peroxidation, as is the level of endogenous antioxidant molecules such as vitamin E. The primary objective of the present study was the characterization of antioxidant systems in a cultured juvenile marine fish, gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with the underlying aim to understand how to avoid oxidation problems that may cause pathologies and disease and so to enhance growth and quality of early ongrowing stages. Juvenile sea bream were fed diets having either high or low levels of fish oil and supplemented or basal levels of vitamin E with PUFA/vitamin E ratios ranging from 117 ± 12 in the diet with low PUFA supplemented with vitamin E to 745 ± 48 in the diet with high PUFA with no additional vitamin E. None of the diets had serious deliterious effects on growth or survival of the fish, but the different dietary regimes were effective in significantly altering the PUFA/vitamin E ratios in the fish livers with values ranging from 5.7 ± 0.4 in fish fed the diet with low PUFA supplemented with vitamin E to 91.1 ± 13.2 in fish fed the diet with high PUFA with no additional vitamin E. This had effects on the peroxidation status of the fish as indicated by the significantly altered levels of in vivo lipid peroxidation products measured in liver, with fish fed the diet rich in PUFA and low in vitamin E showing significantly higher values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and isoprostanes. The isoprostane levels generally followed the same pattern as the TBARS levels supporting its value as an indicator of in vivo oxidative stress in fish, as it is in mammals.However, few significant effects on antioxidant enzyme activities were observed suggesting that more severe conditions may be required to affect these activities such as increasing the PUFA/vitamin E ratio or by increasing peroxidative stress through the feeding of oxidized oils.

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Endogenous antioxidant systems of two teleost fish, the rainbow trout and the black bullhead, and the effect of age

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidised oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E

Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidised oil: attenuation by dietary vitamin E

Relationships between antioxidants, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products during early development in Dentex dentex eggs and larvae

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