Endogenous and dietary lipids influencing feed intake and energy metabolism of periparturient dairy cows

Kuhla, Björn; Metges, C. C.; Hammon, H.M.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.12.002

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…While lipid mobilization is a normal physiological response to help the cow adapt in these situations, excessive fat mobilization can be problematic. For instance, overproduction of ketones such as BHB occurs during times of high circulating NEFA concentrations when there is not a sufficient amount of Kreb's cycle intermediates to appropriately oxidize the acetyl coenzyme A produced by NEFA (Kuhla et al, 2016;Han van der Kolk et al, 2017). Additionally, increased concentrations of certain biomarkers, such as NEFA and BHB, have been linked to early-lactation disease and altered immune competence (Erdmann et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biomarkers of nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition into the early dry period

Putman

Brown

Gandy

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Metabolic stress occurs in dairy cows when physiologic homeostasis is disrupted as a consequence of aberrant nutrient metabolism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Early-lactation cows that suffer from metabolic stress are susceptible to health disorders that cause significant production losses. However, there is little information regarding the occurrence and effect of metabolic stress during involution. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate well-known biomarkers associated with metabolic stress in early-lactation cows at various time points during the early dry period when dairy cows also are subjected to dramatic changes in physiologic homeostasis. Our group conducted a descriptive study by collecting serum and whole-blood samples from the coccygeal vein of 29 healthy dairy cows at a commercial dairy herd. Sampling points included d -6, 0, +1, +2, +6, and +12 relative to dry-off date. Samples were used to quantify biomarkers related to nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation that included calcium, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin, haptoglobin, cortisol, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, antioxidant potential, oxidant status index, and isoprostanes. Additionally, whole-blood leukocyte differentials for total leukocyte, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes were analyzed. Within altered nutrient metabolism biomarkers, calcium and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations changed most from d 0 to d +2 during the sampling period. Indicators of oxidant status, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, antioxidant potential, and oxidant status index, generally increased throughout the sampling period except at d +2, suggesting altered redox status throughout early involution. In contrast, isoprostane concentrations fluctuated throughout the study, demonstrating that indicators of oxidative damage occurred more sporadically during the sampling period. Therefore, many of the biomarkers associated with early-lactation metabolic stress also changed during the transition from late lactation to the early dry period, but not to the same magnitude and duration previously reported in periparturient cows. Future studies should be directed toward assessing whether the magnitude and duration of biomarker expression can affect the health and well-being of cows during the early dry period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in biomarkers of nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition into the early dry period

Putman

Brown

Gandy

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Deterioration in milk composition is also observed (4). Although a range of energy additives to ruminant diets has been extensively investigated (7,48), an ongoing research focused on the negative energy balance of periparturient dairy cows is required (29,50). In this regard, much attention is given, among others, to the use of energy feed additives in dairy cow diets and to their impact on animal metabolism and performance, as well as on milk composition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of diet for periparturient dairy cows supplemented with free fatty acids or glucogenic additives

Klebaniuk¹,

Kochman²,

Kowalczuk-Vasilev³

et al. 2016

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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High-producing dairy cows require an appropriate management system, good care, and a tailored nutritional program that provides well-balanced feed rations. High yielders, especially during the periparturient period, normally show a reduced feed intake with a concomitant increased demand for nutrients for milk synthesis. Thus, the incidence of metabolic disorders may greatly increase, and consequently, a decrease in milk production is noted. Deterioration in milk composition is also observed (4). Although a range of energy additives to ruminant diets has been extensively investigated (7,48), an ongoing research focused on the negative energy balance of periparturient dairy cows is required (29,50). In this regard, much attention is given, among others, to the use of energy feed additives in dairy cow diets and to their impact on animal metabolism and performance, as well as on milk composition. Each of gluconeogenic precursors, such as glycerol (51), propylene glycol (28), sodium or calcium salts of propionate (30), has a different route for conversion to glucose. Depending on their type and administration period, energy supplements may contribute to reducing metabolic disturbances during the transition period. Propylene glycol may affect glucogenic action in different ways. A portion of this substance is metabolized in the rumen to lactic acid Klebaniuk R., Kochman G., Kowalczuk-Vasilev E., Grela E. R., Bąkowski M., Olcha M., Dunster F.Energy efficiency of diet for periparturient dairy cows supplemented with free fatty acids or glucogenic additives Summary The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of two energy preparations used at fixed doses, but for different lengths of time: 1) a loose mixture of propylene glycol and sodium propionate, and 2) a granular formulation of free fatty acids produced from palm oil and palm nut, non-degradable in the rumen.A three-factorial experiment was carried out on 5 groups of Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows (10 animals each) which were within the transition period. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of two energy preparations administered at a constant dose, but over different time periods, on the animals' performance, as well as on their milk yield and composition. The following treatment groups were formed: control group C, which received a standard diet; experimental groups G1 and G2, which received a dietary additive of a glucogenic preparation; and experimental groups F1 and F2, which received a free fatty acid preparation. The diet of the transition cows was supplemented with the full dose of the additives (500 g/ head/day) for 2 weeks before the expected calving and 3 or 6 weeks of lactation.The present research confirmed the benefits of dietary inclusion of energy supplements for transition cows. Supplementation with both glucogenic and free fatty acid preparations reduced the negative energy balance in the cow's organism and improved milk production and composition. The milk yield, higher by ca. 10% for the cows fed diets with...

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“…The ingestion of less feed but greater use of tissue energy early after calving may be an evolutionary conserved advantage for the calf receiving more energy from the dam but also compromises health, immunity, and EB of the mother, and these compromises are lifted when the calf reduces suckling. Interestingly, dairy cows with a deeper negative EB in early lactation usually ingest less feed and have lower plasma glucose concentrations than cows ingesting more feed but in a less pronounced negative EB (Kuhla et al, 2016). However, it seems surprising that cows in both groups are still in a mild negative EB at wk 42 pp, although their BW increased by 66 to 87 kg relative to wk 13 pp.…”

Section: Energy Partitioning For Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the metabotype and its persistency in lactating Holstein cows: An approach toward metabolic efficiency measures

Derno

Nürnberg

Kuhla

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The variation in feed efficiency among dairy cows is due to differences in fermentation and digestion characteristics, but recent studies have suggested that various aspects of postabsorptive metabolic processes including heat production or the metabolizable energy for maintenance are more crucial. Thus, metabolic efficiency largely determines feed efficiency, but whether divergent feed efficient cows differ in O 2 consumption and metabolic CO 2 production, directly determining the metabolic rate has not been investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine whether variation in ME intake (MEI), O 2 consumption, and metabolic CO 2 production account for the variation in metabolic efficiency of dairy cows and whether this effect persists across the lactation cycle. Eighteen cows with different German breeding value functional herd life were kept in freestalls with ad libitum access to a total mixed ration that was kept constant in composition throughout the first lactation. Cows were blood sampled and weighed at wk 5, 13, and 42 postpartum (pp) and transferred into respiration chambers. Animals were retrospectively clustered according to MEI, O 2 consumption, and metabolic CO 2 production, each normalized to metabolic body weight (mBW). Cluster analysis revealed 9 high metabolically efficient (high-Meff) and 9 low metabolically efficient cows. The high-Meff cows had greater MEI and feed conversion efficiency, produced less metabolic CO 2 and methane, had a stronger negative energy balance, and tended to have a lower metabolic respiratory quotient. Further, high-Meff cows had lower residual MEI, less heat energy loss, and lower plasma glucose concentrations, but used a greater portion of body reserves instead of feed energy for milk synthesis, particularly at wk 5 and 13 pp. However, these group differences did not persist by wk 42 pp. Cow groups were not different in O 2 consumption, milk yield, metabolizable energy for maintenance, or the efficiency of tissue utilization for milk synthesis, but high-Meff cows tended to have the lower German relative breeding value functional herd life, indicating a link between metabolic performance and productive lifespan. In conclusion, the use of a clustering approach involving MEI/mBW, O 2 /mBW, and CO 2 /mBW seems to be a promising method to differentiate cows with divergent metabolic efficiency but does not allow identifying an individual metabotype that persists across the whole lactation cycle.

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Endogenous and dietary lipids influencing feed intake and energy metabolism of periparturient dairy cows

Cited by 52 publications

References 87 publications

Changes in biomarkers of nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition into the early dry period

Changes in biomarkers of nutrient metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dairy cows during the transition into the early dry period

Energy efficiency of diet for periparturient dairy cows supplemented with free fatty acids or glucogenic additives

Characterizing the metabotype and its persistency in lactating Holstein cows: An approach toward metabolic efficiency measures

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