Endogenous Amino Acid Loss and Its Significance in Infantile Diarrhea

Ghadimi, H.; Kumar, Sudhir; Abaci, F

doi:10.1203/00006450-197303000-00008

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Another possible source is the amino-acid pool. Although this is labelled with significant amounts of 15N the level of enrichment falls rapidly.5 Ghadimi et al 13 found markedly increased levels of amino-acid in the stool in diarrhoeal disease as well as increased loss of protein and total nitrogen. Whatever the source of the endogenous faecal nitrogen, the losses in stool were so great that it is unlikely that the infants had sufficient nitrogen available for tissue repair let alone normal growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein and fat absorption in prolonged diarrhoea in infancy.

Mann¹,

Hill²,

Peat³

et al. 1982

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY 15N-yeast protein absorption, nitrogen and fat retention, stool reducing substances, and lactate concentrations were measured in 22 infants who had had severe diarrhoea for 7 days. Stool losses of nitrogen and fat were large. and an appreciable proportion appeared to be endogenous. The supply of nitrogen and energy might have been a limiting factor in tissue repair if stool weight exceeded 30 g/kg body weight a day. These results differ from those in older children with kwashiorkor complicated by diarrhoea of similar severity. There are also differences in cellular immunity3 and gut morphology.4This paper reports the results of a study on protein absorption and nitrogen and fat balance in infants with prolonged diarrhoea. Patients and methodsThe infants aged between 3 weeks and 1 year had a history of diarrhoea for less than 72 hours when they were admitted to hospital for intravenous rehydration. Diarrhoea persisted and 6 days after admission they still required intravenous fluids to maintain hydration. No antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents other than penicillin had been given and most infants had been fed on full-cream or modified cows' milk formula followed by a soybased formula. There was no oedema, and none of the skin lesions associated with nutritional diseases.On day 7, 35 boys were taken into the study and nursed on metabolic beds for 5 days. Routine investigations included urine and stool specimens examined microscopically and cultured. Blood culture, haemoglobin, total serum protein, serum protein electrophoresis, serum electrolytes, pH, Pco2, and standard bicarbonate estimations were also done. If clinically indicated the investigations were repeated. All the infants were given parenteral penicillin and gentamicin in case of undetected infection.During the first 24 hours all the infants received 120 ml of full-cream cows' milk formula per kg body weight. Infants were then allocated randomly to one of 3 commercial feeds; a full-cream cows' milk formula (Nespray), a soy-based formula with the carbohydrate as sucrose (Sobee), or a casein-based, low-lactose formula with glucose as the principal carbohydrate (AL 110). If the bacteriological screening tests showed that an infant had a urinary tract infection, a known pathogen in the stool, or a bacteraemia, he was excluded from the study. Three infants who were subsequently found to have monosaccharide intolerance were also excluded. The

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein and fat absorption in prolonged diarrhoea in infancy.

Mann¹,

Hill²,

Peat³

et al. 1982

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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show abstract

“…Other than fasting, two factors can disturb plasma amino acids levels among these children: diarrhea by itself and hydroelectrolytic perfusion. If, during diarrhea, there is an increase of amino acid spoilage by feces, it becomes substantial in severe and refractory diarrhea (9). Group 111 patients never suffered from severe diarrhea.…”

Section: Groups Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Free Amino Acids in Normal Children and in Patients with Proteinocaloric Malnutrition: Fasting and Infection

Ghisolfi

Charlet

et al. 1978

Pediatr Res

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“…Wannemacher has hypothesized that low levels of serum branchedchain amino acids during some infections are due to increased catabolism of these amino acids by muscle tissue as sources of energy (26). Shigella enterotoxin (1) and diarrhea (7) have been implicated in the inhibition of transport and malabsorption of amino acids by intestines, as well as in the creation of deficiencies of minerals and vitaxmins. Therefore, a host may become deficient in essential amino acids due to diet or infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Essential Amino Acid Limitations upon the Susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium and the Effect Upon Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice

Petro

Bhattacharjee

1981

Infect Immun

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We investigated the effects of dietary essential amino acid limitations on the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella typhimurium infections and on humoral and cellular immune (cell-mediated immune) responses of mice. Mice fed synthetic diets limited (significantly less than optimum concentration) in a single essential amino acid (leucine, isoleucine, valine, or lysine) for 3 weeks after they were weaned exhibited significantly enhanced susceptibility to S. typhimurium infection, as evidenced by the higher levels of mortality and spread of the bacterial cells in their livers and spleens compared with mice fed the control diet. Compared with mice fed the control diet, mice fed the diet limited in leucine had a lower ability to clear S. typhimurium cells from the peritoneal cavity 5 min after intraperitoneal injection, whereas mice fed the diet limited in lysine had a greater ability. The in vivo phagocytosis and in vitro bactericidal kinetics against S. typhimurium cells by peritoneal macrophages were not significantly different in the control group and the groups of mice fed experimental diets. Certain experimental groups exhibited significantly lower resistance and antibody response against S. typhimurium SL3770 on day 5 after immunization with heat-killed S. typhimurium SL3770. On day 8 after immunization, the levels of serum antibody against S. typhimurium in the mice fed the experimental diets were comparable to the levels in mice fed the control diet. However, the levels of serum transferrin and complement C3 were significantly lower in mice fed certain experimental diets. The cellular immune capacities of mice fed any of the experimental diets were not impaired compared with the capacities of mice fed the control diet, as measured by spleen cell responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin and the ability to clear infecting Listeria monocytogenes cells from livers and spleens.

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Endogenous Amino Acid Loss and Its Significance in Infantile Diarrhea

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Protein and fat absorption in prolonged diarrhoea in infancy.

Protein and fat absorption in prolonged diarrhoea in infancy.

Plasma Free Amino Acids in Normal Children and in Patients with Proteinocaloric Malnutrition: Fasting and Infection

Effect of Dietary Essential Amino Acid Limitations upon the Susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium and the Effect Upon Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice

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