Endodontic Infections and Systemic Disease

Fouad, Ashraf F.

doi:10.1002/9781119080343.ch16

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Recent reports have revealed presence of fungal pathogens in primary endodontic lesions 7,8 . Fungal pathogens may be difficult to culture and require specific conditions for detection and hence are under‐reported 82 . Future investigations into incidence of fungal pathogens in root canals may use special culture medium, for example, sabouraud dextrose medium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin‐1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis

Hasan

Roome

Wahid

et al. 2023

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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BackgroundCandida albicans is linked to persistent endodontic lesions. However, the recognition receptor that identifies it is not explored previously.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to (1) establish a zymosan‐induced model of apical periodontitis in mouse, (2) observe the expression of Dectin‐1 and its possible relationship with toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and (3) observe relationship between Osteopontin (OPN) and inflammatory cytokines.MethodsA total of 138 Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were randomly divided into; Experimental Group n = 69 and Zymosan Group n = 69. Periapical periodontitis was developed in right maxillary molar. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days. Bone blocks containing the mesial root (n = 15 for qRT‐PCR, n = 45 for enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)) were collected for mRNA expression and ELISA. While whole maxilla (n = 3 from each time interval) were used for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey's posthoc was used for statistical analysis at p ≤ .05.ResultsTLR‐2, Dectin‐1 and TLR4‐positive cells was detected at all time intervals in both groups. A strong positive correlation was observed between TLR‐2 and Dectin‐1 in both lesions (regular r = .680, p = .015, zymosan (r = .861, p < .001)). A significant correlation was found between OPN and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in zymosan lesion (r = .827, p = .001).ConclusionsImmune cells of inflamed periapical tissue expressed Dectin‐1 receptor in response to the microbial challenge from infected root canals and showed positive correlation with TLR‐2 and OPN suggesting a possible receptor collaboration mediated by OPN. The expression of OPN and TNF‐α showed positive correlation in response to fungal antigen, indicating a possible relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin‐1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis

Hasan

Roome

Wahid

et al. 2023

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…The main reasons to treat or retreat teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis are: (i) the endodontic infection has contributed to the overall oral infectious burden, which along with caries, periodontal diseases and other infections, may affect the general health of patients and be associated with conditions such as coronary heart disease, infective endocarditis and low‐birth‐weight pre‐term births ; (ii) the lesion can expand and reach anatomical areas such as the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal, leading to complications such as sinusitis and paraesthesia ; (iii) the lesion can rapidly become acute and progress to an abscess or cellulitis, which in some (albeit rare) cases can be life‐threatening .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complicated untreated apical periodontitis causing paraesthesia: A case report

Ricucci¹,

Loghin²,

Siqueira

2017

Aust Endodontic J

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The purpose of this article was to report a case of untreated apical periodontitis resulting in severe late complications. A patient with an asymptomatic crowned root canal-treated mandibular molar revealing a radiographic substandard endodontic treatment and a slight periapical radiolucency was made aware of the treatment options and opted for no treatment. The lesion slightly increased in size after 6 years, but the tooth remained asymptomatic and endodontic retreatment was again refused. After 4 more years, the patient presented with an abscess and severe pain, complicated by paraesthesia of the left chin and lip. Radiographic examination revealed that the lesion had increased considerably to involve the mandibular canal. The treatment protocol included long-term intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide and follow-ups revealed complete resolution of the periapical radiolucency and the paraesthesia had completely subsided.

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“…Although culture independent techniques are more sensitive than culture dependent techniques for microbial profiling, it has been stated that sensitivity of culture technique is fairly good and acceptable as long as it is carried out appropriately (25) . Also, for the non-fastidious bacteria such as facultatives, the sensitivity of culture techniques is considered high because theoretically only one bacterial cell is needed for growth (25) . Additionally, there was good correlation between results of culture based analysis and culture independent analysis for evaluation of E. faecalis biofilm (26) .…”

Section: Natural Vinegars As Endodontic Irrigantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimicrobial action and cleaning ability of different naturally based vinegar used as endodontic irrigants

Elsheikh,

Rabie,

Soliman

et al. 2024

Dental Science Updates

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Introduction: Irrigation of the root canals is an important step during endodontic treatment. Irrigants serve to eradicate microbial infection and to remove the resulting smear layer. NaOCl/EDTA irrigation is the gold standard irrigation protocol. However, it has several side effects. So, it was urgent call to investigate herbal alternatives as potential endodontic irrigants. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial action and smear layer removal ability of apple, dates and pomegranate vinegars compared to NaOCl/ EDTA irrigation. Materials &Methods: Sixty-five sterile roots were infected with E.faecalis, incubated for three weeks then grouped into five groups; apple vinegar group, dates vinegar group, pomegranate vinegar group, NaOCl/EDTA group and control group, respectively. Three Microbial samples were obtained from the root canals: before irrigation, immediately after irrigation and one week after irrigation. The reduction% of mean Log10 CFU was calculated. Five roots from each group were split bucco-lingually, scanned with SEM and processed using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed by applying the t-test, ANOVA (one and two way) followed by post hoc Tukey's test at 95% significance level. Results: Dates vinegar group showed high antimicrobial action and smear layer removal ability comparable to NaOCl/EDTA group and the difference was statistically insignificant. Pomegranate and apple vinegar groups showed less antimicrobial action and smear layer removal ability than dates vinegar and NaOCl/EDTA which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Phenolic compounds in dates vinegar are responsible for its antimicrobial action and smear layer removal ability making it potential alternative to NaOCl/EDTA.

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Endodontic Infections and Systemic Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 135 publications

A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin‐1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis

A novel experimental model to investigate fungal involvement shows expression of Dectin‐1 in periapical lesion pathogenesis

Complicated untreated apical periodontitis causing paraesthesia: A case report

Evaluation of the antimicrobial action and cleaning ability of different naturally based vinegar used as endodontic irrigants

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