Endocrinopathies in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Loomba-Albrecht, Lindsey A.; Bregman, Thea; Chantry, Caroline J

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.06.001

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…This finding corroborated what was described earlier among Thai children where those with moderate to severe immunosuppression had thyroid dysfunctions [20]. It is believed that thyroid response and function are impaired in severe immunosuppression by an increase in the concentration of circulating thyroid binding globulin [22]. Several other reasons have been adduced for the increased prevalence of thyroid hypo functioning among children living with HIV especially among those with moderate to severe immunosuppression and they include possible drug reactions, recurrent infections, disease progression, or the interaction of these factors in a child exposed to multiple insults [19, 28, 29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The clinical significance of this condition remains unknown but a progressive increase in thyroid binding globulin has been implicated in the condition [21]. It is important to note that clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism is rarely seen among children living with HIV [22]. Those with subclinical hypothyroidism usually have high TSH levels, which has been associated with more progressive disease [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism is rarely seen among children living with HIV [22]. Those with subclinical hypothyroidism usually have high TSH levels, which has been associated with more progressive disease [22]. However, the cross-sectional nature of this study did not allow for assessing progressive disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Euthyroid sick syndrome was another thyroid abnormality seen in the children living with HIV in this study (Table 3). It has been described as an energy conserving adaptive mechanism during stressful periods [22]. In an earlier study among Thai children [20], the prevalence was 14% and the condition was associated with low CD4 counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like the two earlier reports, this study did not have any participant with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. It must be pointed out that overt disease is said to be extremely rare in people living with HIV [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Spectrum of Thyroid Abnormalities among Children Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinsete

Oyenusi

Odugbemi

et al. 2019

Journal of Thyroid Research

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Thyroid disorders have been described in an adult population but are underreported in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and describe the spectrum of thyroid abnormalities among HIV infected children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Lagos, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out at a teaching hospital with an antiretroviral therapy (ART) center. Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) were analyzed in 83 children living with HIV on HAART and 51 controls. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and correlation of fT3, fT4, and TSH with duration on HAART, age, CD4 count, and nutritional status were assessed. Thyroid abnormalities were seen in 9.6% of the children living with HIV comprising subclinical hypothyroidism in 6%, euthyroid sick syndrome in 2.4%, and overt hypothyroidism in 1.2% as compared to 2% subclinical thyroid disease among the controls (p= 0.15). Hypothyroidism was correlated with CD4 count and viral load. None of the patients had clinical features of thyroid disease. Thyroid abnormalities were more prevalent among children living with HIV and yearly screening with follow-up is advocated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spectrum of Thyroid Abnormalities among Children Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Akinsete

Oyenusi

Odugbemi

et al. 2019

Journal of Thyroid Research

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Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART‐treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach

Khobo

Jankiewicz

Holmes

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV‐related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐MRS), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI (fMRI), a set of multimodal MRI measures characteristic of children on cART has not been previously identified. We used the embedded feature selection of a logistic elastic‐net (EN) regularization to select neuroimaging measures that distinguish CPHIV from controls and measured their classification performance via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using repeated cross validation. We also wished to establish whether combining MRI modalities improved the models. In single modality analysis, sMRI volumes performed best followed by DTI, whereas individual EN models on spectroscopic, gyrification, and cortical thickness measures showed no class discrimination capability. Adding DTI and 1 H‐MRS in basal measures to sMRI volumes produced the highest classification performance . The best multimodal MRI set consisted of 22 DTI and sMRI volume features, which included reduced volumes of the bilateral globus pallidus and amygdala, as well as increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the right corticospinal tract in cART‐treated CPHIV. Consistent with previous studies of CPHIV, select subcortical volumes obtained from sMRI provide reasonable discrimination between CPHIV and controls. This may give insight into neuroimaging measures that are relevant in understanding the effects of HIV on the brain, thereby providing a starting point for evaluating their link with cognitive performance in CPHIV.

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Effect of high-dose cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on bone and body composition in children and young adults with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2016

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Endocrinopathies in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Spectrum of Thyroid Abnormalities among Children Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Spectrum of Thyroid Abnormalities among Children Living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria

Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART‐treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach

Effect of high-dose cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on bone and body composition in children and young adults with HIV infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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