Endocrinology of Crustacea and Chelicerata

Chang, Ernest S.

doi:10.1016/b0-44-451924-6/00048-x

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…11 Mirasorvone, a defensive steroid from the water beetle Thermonectes marmoratus (Meinwald et al 1998). 12 17a,20b-Dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, a maturation-inducing hormone in fish oocytes (Nagahama 1997) been identified in insects (prothoracic glands) and crustacea (Y organs), but which remain to be discovered in other groups (if they indeed exist-see detailed discussion in Chang and Kaufman 2005): it is well possible indeed that in those animals ecdysteroids involved in molting are produced by the general epidermis (Bü ckmann 1984;Zhu et al 1991;Lachaise et al 1993). The chemical nature of the major ecdysteroids ( Fig.…”

Section: Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ecdysteroids are the molting hormones of all arthropods, so this applies to both (freshwater) insects, crustacea, arachnida, and merostoma (e.g., Jegla 1990;Lachaise 1990;Fingerman 1997;Chang and Kaufman 2005). Molting hormones promote the replacement process of the cuticle that covers an animal's body, and are produced by a pair of molting glands, which have Fig.…”

Section: Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interplay between both hormones is involved in allometric/non-allometric growth when several morphotypes are present (Laufer et al 2002). Chelicerata do not seem to contain MF or JH-like compounds, although they are able to metabolize them just like insects do (Chang and Kaufman 2005).…”

Section: Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroids in aquatic invertebrates

2007

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Steroid molecules are present in all invertebrates, and some of them have established hormonal roles: this is the case for ecdysteroids in arthropods and, to a lesser extent, for vertebrate-type steroids in molluscs. Steroids are not only hormones, they may also fulfill many other functions in chemical communication, chemical defense or even digestive physiology. The increasing occurrence of endocrine disruption problems caused by environmental pollutants, which interfere in particular with reproductive physiology of vertebrates but also of invertebrates has made necessary to better understand the endocrine physiology of the latter and the role of steroids in these processes. So many attempts are being made to better understand the endocrine roles of steroids in arthropods and molluscs, and to establish whether they also fulfill similar functions in other invertebrate phyla. At the moment, both the precise identification of these steroids, the determination of their origin (endogenous versus exogenous) and of their mechanism of action are under active investigation. This research takes profit of the development of genome sequencing programs on many invertebrate species, which allow the identification of receptors and/or biosynthetic enzymes, when related to their vertebrate counterparts, but the story is not so simple, as will be exemplified by estrogen receptors of molluscs.

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Section: Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steroids in aquatic invertebrates

2007

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“…20E appears to be the predominant molting hormone in crustaceans, but other ecdysteroids (together with their polar and apolar conjugates) are frequently found. Synthesis and secretion of ecdysteroids are negatively regulated by the molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), a neuropeptide secreted by the sinus gland/X-organ complex (Chang and Kaufman, 2005). A positive control of ecdysteroid secretion is possibly mediated by the proposed crustacean juvenile hormone methyl farnesoate, a sesquiterpenoid related to the insect juvenile hormones, which is produced in the mandibular organ of decapod crustaceans (Subramoniam, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In decapod crustaceans, the prohormone ecdysone, which is synthesized from dietary sterols, is secreted by ecdysial glands (Y-organs) and subsequently hydroxylated by target tissues to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; Chang and Kaufman, 2005). 20E appears to be the predominant molting hormone in crustaceans, but other ecdysteroids (together with their polar and apolar conjugates) are frequently found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecdysteroid levels in Daphnia magna during a molt cycle: Determination by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)

Martin‐Creuzburg

Westerlund

Hoffmann

2007

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Despite their abundance and their enormous signiWcance for various ecological processes, endocrine systems of microcrustaceans have been poorly investigated. Here, we used a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) to determine free and conjugated ecdysteroid levels in whole-body extracts of adult Daphnia magna during a complete molt cycle. Ecdysteroid levels were predominated by free ecdysteroids. Starting from basal levels in the postmolt stage the concentration of free ecdysteroids increased sharply in the early premolt stage, followed by a sharp decline back to basal levels just prior to ecdysis. Polar and apolar ecdysteroid conjugates were found in rather low amounts with little variation during the molt cycle. Only small amounts of ecdysteroids were found in newly deposited eggs of D. magna, which suggest a sparing investment of maternal ecdysteroids into the eggs for early embryogenesis. As in whole-body extracts, free ecdysteroids were the predominant ecdysteroids found in eggs of D. magna, together with small amounts of polar and intermediary amounts of apolar conjugates. Hence, the pathways leading to polar and apolar ecdysteroid conjugates appear to be of minor importance in D. magna. Analyses of the immunodetectable peak in free ecdysteroids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed that molting is induced most probably by an increased level of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Microcrustaceans of the genus Daphnia are key components in freshwater food webs. Examination of the functional role of ecdysteroids in controlling developmental processes might help to understand the performance of the herbivorous grazer in its environment, in particular with regard to the adverse eVects of environmental xenobiotics acting as endocrine disrupters.

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The Crustacean Endocrine System and Pleiotropic Chemical Messengers

Chang

2010

Chemical Communication in Crustaceans

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Endocrinology of Crustacea and Chelicerata

Cited by 21 publications

References 275 publications

Steroids in aquatic invertebrates

Steroids in aquatic invertebrates

Ecdysteroid levels in Daphnia magna during a molt cycle: Determination by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)

The Crustacean Endocrine System and Pleiotropic Chemical Messengers

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