Endocrine role of bone: recent and emerging perspectives beyond osteocalcin

Oldknow, Karla J.; MacRae, Vicky; Farquharson, Colin

doi:10.1530/joe-14-0584

Cited by 100 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…In a number of studies a negative association has been described between serum osteocalcin levels and decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women[59,60]. Emerging evidence from animal and human studies unveiled that osteocalcin is involved in many homeostatic mechanisms other than those specific for bone health[61,62]. Notably, osteocalcin is able to interfere with energy and glucose metabolism, modulating pancreatic beta-cell activity.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Interplay Between Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle

Poggiogalle¹,

Donini²,

Lenzi³

et al. 2017

WJG

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The estimates of global incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are worrisome, due to the parallel burden of obesity and its metabolic complications. Indeed, excess adiposity and insulin resistance represent two of the major risk factors for NAFLD; interestingly, in the last years a growing body of evidence tended to support a novel mechanistic perspective, in which the liver is at the center of a complex interplay involving organs and systems, other than adipose tissue and glucose homeostasis. Bone and the skeletal muscle are fat- free tissues which appeared to be independently associated with NAFLD in several cross-sectional studies. The deterioration of bone mineral density and lean body mass, leading to osteoporosis and sarcopenia, respectively, are age-related processes. The prevalence of NAFLD also increases with age. Beyond physiological aging, the three conditions share some common underlying mechanisms, and their elucidations could be of paramount importance to design more effective treatment strategies for the management of NAFLD. In this review, we provide an overview on epidemiological data as well as on potential contributors to the connections of NAFLD with bone and skeletal muscle.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Interplay Between Nafldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle

Poggiogalle¹,

Donini²,

Lenzi³

et al. 2017

WJG

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“…A highly metabolically active tissue, it must carefully balance anabolic and catabolic activities throughout life to properly maintain its structural strength while providing a variety of endocrinological, immunological, and structural roles [1,2]. Bone remodeling, a general description of the paired, continuous restructuring process that bone undergoes in order to repair mechanical aberrations, is an important basic and translational research topic with direct clinical consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and Bone Remodeling

Husain

Jeffries

2017

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Bone remodeling is a diverse field of study with many direct clinical applications; past studies have implicated epigenetic alterations as key factors of both normal bone tissue development and function and diseases of pathologic bone remodeling. Purpose of Review The purpose of this article is to review the most important recent advances that link epigenetic changes to the bone remodeling field. Recent Findings Epigenetics describes three major phenomena: DNA modification via methylation, histone sidechain modifications, and short non-coding RNA sequences which work in concert to regulate gene transcription in a heritable fashion. Recent findings include the role of DNA methylation changes of Wnt, RANK/RANKL, and other key signaling pathways, epigenetic regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, and others. Summary Although much work has been done, much is still unknown. Future epigenome-wide studies should focus on extending the tissue coverage, integrating multiple epigenetic analyses with transcriptome data, and working to uncover epigenetic changes linked with early events in aberrant bone remodeling.

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“…125-128 On the other hand, the lack of blood supply provides a unique opportunity to study cartilage and bone development and formation without being complicated by the vasculature. 129-130 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of rats and mice as animal models inex vivobone growth and development studies

Abubakar

Noordin

Azmi

et al. 2016

Bone & Joint Research

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In vivo animal experimentation has been one of the cornerstones of biological and biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical medicine and pharmaceuticals. The conventional in vivo model system is invariably associated with high production costs and strict ethical considerations. These limitations led to the evolution of an ex vivo model system which partially or completely surmounted some of the constraints faced in an in vivo model system. The ex vivo rodent bone culture system has been used to elucidate the understanding of skeletal physiology and pathophysiology for more than 90 years. This review attempts to provide a brief summary of the historical evolution of the rodent bone culture system with emphasis on the strengths and limitations of the model. It encompasses the frequency of use of rats and mice for ex vivo bone studies, nutritional requirements in ex vivo bone growth and emerging developments and technologies. This compilation of information could assist researchers in the field of regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering towards a better understanding of skeletal growth and development for application in general clinical medicine.Cite this article: A. A. Abubakar, M. M. Noordin, T. I. Azmi, U. Kaka, M. Y. Loqman. The use of rats and mice as animal models in ex vivo bone growth and development studies. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:610–618. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.512.BJR-2016-0102.R2.

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Endocrine role of bone: recent and emerging perspectives beyond osteocalcin

Cited by 100 publications

References 218 publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease connections with fat-free tissues: A focus on bone and skeletal muscle

Epigenetics and Bone Remodeling

The use of rats and mice as animal models inex vivobone growth and development studies

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