“…Clinical manifestations of histiocytoses are highly variable, although certain tissues and organs are more frequently affected such as bones, skin, lungs, and liver (1). While local control and combination chemotherapy can be curative in some, many patients experience disease recurrence, and others develop irreversible end-organ injury associated with significant morbidity such as diabetes insipidus (DI) and anterior pituitary dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and end-stage hepatic cirrhosis (3)(4)(5)(6). The etiopathogenesis of LCH and the other histiocytoses remained unclear for decades, until the identification of recurring BRAF V600E mutations (7,8) and more recently mutations in the downstream gene MAP2K1 in LCH and ECD (9,10).…”