2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/3232905
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Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Prokineticin-1 in Cancer Development and Tumor Angiogenesis

Abstract: A lot of data suggests endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) to be restricted to endocrine glands and to some endocrine-dependent organs. Many evidences show that EG-VEGF stimulates angiogenesis and cell proliferation, although it is not a member of the VEGF family. At the time, a lot of data regarding the role of this growth factor in normal development are available. However, controversial results have been published in the case of pathological conditions and particularly in ma… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…We are aware that our experiments, as often happens when chemotherapy side effects are investigated in experimental models, were performed in naïve animals and not in tumor-bearing mice, a condition that could in turn impact on the emotional component. Interestingly, PKs have been shown to have a role in tumor progression inducing angiogenesis and sustaining inflammation [ 58 , 59 ]. In particular, PK1 or EG-VEGF is important in the neo vascularization process and is involved in multiple myeloma cells proliferation and survival [ 60 ] while PK2 is a recognized proinflammatory cytokine [ 58 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We are aware that our experiments, as often happens when chemotherapy side effects are investigated in experimental models, were performed in naïve animals and not in tumor-bearing mice, a condition that could in turn impact on the emotional component. Interestingly, PKs have been shown to have a role in tumor progression inducing angiogenesis and sustaining inflammation [ 58 , 59 ]. In particular, PK1 or EG-VEGF is important in the neo vascularization process and is involved in multiple myeloma cells proliferation and survival [ 60 ] while PK2 is a recognized proinflammatory cytokine [ 58 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other known members include VEGF-E (virus source), VEGF-F (snake venom source) and EG-VEGF (endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor). In addition, there are 3 VEGF receptors, VEGFR1 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1-FLT1 gene) and VEGFR2 (KDR gene), mainly expressed in VECs (vascular endothelial cell), and VEGFR3 (FLT4 gene), which is primarily expressed in LECs (lymphatic endothelial cells) [2,3]. With the regulation of lipid metabolism through the involvement of the lymphatic system in one-way absorption and transport of lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the venous system [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EG-VEGF may stimulate the phosphorylation of the receptor for EGF and its activation, thus having an antiapoptotic role and stimulating the survival of tumor cells. 15 In pituitary adenomas with papillary growth pattern, we identified a correlation between the expression of EG-VEGF and PRL. It is well known that EG-VEGF and PRL have mitogenic role upon cells expressing their receptors.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…3 In the normal pituitary gland, we identified the expression of EG-VEGF in acidophilic and chromophobe cells, but not in basophil cells. Previous papers reported an EGVEGF overexpression in several malignant tumors, arising from the gastrointestinal tract, 15 pancreas, 16 ovaries, 7 or colon. 17 In these tumors, EG-VEGF has an important role in tumor angiogenesis, controlling the tumor invasion and metastasis, but also the rate of proliferation of malignant cells.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%