Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin

Somogyi, Virág; Győrffy, Andrea; Scalise, Trudy J; Kiss, Dávid Sándor; Goszleth, Gréta; Bartha, Tibor; Frenyó, Vilmos László; Zsarnovszky, Attila

doi:10.1017/s0954422411000035

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 328 publications

(422 reference statements)

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“…The peripheral signals are the hormones insulin (secreted by the endocrine pancreas in response to changes in blood sugar), leptin (secreted by adipocytes in proportion to fat mass), ghrelin and orexin-A (secreted by the stomach and the gut)[68]. These hormones link the control of peripheral energy metabolism to the feeding behavior integrating neural units by modulating short term signals that determine meal initiation and termination as well as energy balance [69].…”

Section: Overview Of Tissues and Hormones Controlling Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Heindel

Blumberg

Cave

et al. 2017

Reproductive Toxicology

815

651

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The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.

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Section: Overview Of Tissues and Hormones Controlling Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Heindel

Blumberg

Cave

et al. 2017

Reproductive Toxicology

815

651

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To examine whether estradiol is important in these sex differences, in the second experiment, we compared behavior of intact females, ovariectomized females (OVX) and ovariectomized females with estradiol replacement (OVX+E). Estradiol is important in the regulation of food intake and body weight in females, as well as an important modulator in learning and memory including food-associative learning and subsequent expression of learned behaviors (Almey et al, 2014; Asarian & Geary, 2013; Dalla & Shors, 2009; Eckel, 2011; Graham & Milad, 2013; Milad et al, 2010; Rey, Lipps, & Shansky, 2014; Somogyi et al, 2011). Therefore, we tested whether estradiol may be a modulator of renewed food seeking in a context-driven preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewal of conditioned responding to food cues in rats: Sex differences and relevance of estradiol

Anderson

Petrovich

2015

Physiology & Behavior

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Cues associated with food can stimulate food anticipation, procurement, and consumption, independently of hunger. These and other behaviors driven by learned cues are persistent and can reappear after extinction, because the original learned associations continue to exist. Renewal, or reinstatement, of extinguished conditioned behavior may explain the inability to change maladaptive eating habits driven by food cues, similar to the mechanisms of drug use relapse. Here, we investigated sex differences in context-induced renewal of responding to food cues, and the role of estradiol in females in a Pavlovian conditioning preparation. We compared adult male and female rats because there is evidence for sex differences in learning and memory and in the control of feeding. Contextinduced renewal involves conditioning and extinction in different contexts and the renewal of conditioned behavior is induced by return to the conditioning context (“ABA renewal”; experimental groups). Control groups remain in the same context during conditioning, extinction, and test. In Experiment 1, male and female rats were trained to associate a tone with food pellets during acquisition, and after extinction with tone only presentations, were tested for renewal of responding to the tone. Learning was assessed through the expression of the conditioned response, which included approach and activity directed at food receptacle (food cup behavior). Males and females learned the acquisition and extinction of tone-food associations similarly, but there were sex differences during renewal of the conditioned responses to the food cue. Males showed robust renewal of responding, while renewal in intact females was inconsistent. Males in the experimental group had significantly higher food cup behavior compared to males in the control group, while females in both groups showed similar levels of food cup behavior during the tone. In Experiment 2, we examined a potential role of estradiol in renewal, by comparing intact females with ovariectomized females with, and without, estradiol replacement. Rats in all groups acquired and extinguished tone-food associations similarly. During the test for renewal, the ovariectomized rats with estradiol replacement in the experimental group showed renewal of responding, evidenced by significantly higher food cup behavior compared to the control group. Intact and ovariectomized rats in the experimental groups had similar rates of food cup behavior as their corresponding control groups. These results provide novel evidence for sex differences and relevance of estradiol in renewal of responding to food cues and more broadly in contextual processing and appetitive associative learning, potentially relevant to maladaptive eating habits and eating disorders.

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“…Notably, also the variants at AADAT and SLC17A4 colocalized with gene expression in pancreas ( Fig. 2c), which is of interest given the close interrelations between thyroid hormone signaling, insulin regulation, and glucose metabolism 25,26 . In vitro studies.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation

Teumer¹,

Chaker²,

Groeneweg³

et al. 2019

ESPE

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Thyroid dysfunction is an important public health problem, which affects 10% of the general population and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many aspects of thyroid hormone regulation have only partly been elucidated, including its transport, metabolism, and genetic determinants. Here we report a large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for thyroid function and dysfunction, testing 8 million genetic variants in up to 72,167 individuals. One-hundred-and-nine independent genetic variants are associated with these traits. A genetic risk score, calculated to assess their combined effects on clinical end points, shows significant associations with increased risk of both overt (Graves' disease) and subclinical thyroid disease, as well as clinical complications. By functional follow-up on selected signals, we identify a novel thyroid hormone transporter (SLC17A4) and a metabolizing enzyme (AADAT). Together, these results provide new knowledge about thyroid hormone physiology and disease, opening new possibilities for therapeutic targets.

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Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin

Cited by 25 publications

References 328 publications

Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders

Renewal of conditioned responding to food cues in rats: Sex differences and relevance of estradiol

Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation

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