Endocrine dysfunction and recurrent spontaneous abortion: An overview

Abstract

Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before it is viable, occurring at a rate of 15–20%. Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or habitual miscarriage is defined as repeated occurrence of 3 or more miscarriages before 20th week of gestation accounting for the most common complication of early pregnancy in humans. Various etiological factors responsible for recurrent miscarriage are anatomical, genetical, endocrinological, immunological, and infectious. The endocrinological abnormalities may be polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, luteal phase defect, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, or hyperandrogenism contributing to recurrent pregnancy loss. In the present article, the role of endocrinological disorders in patients with RSA has been reviewed. The article search was done using electronic databases, Google scholarly articles, and PubMed based on different key words. We have further combined the searches and made grouping as per various endocrine abnormalities, which might be responsible to cause spontaneous loss of fetus.

The lncRNA MALAT1 rs619586 G Variant Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage

“…Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation (Jaslow et al, 2010; Diejomaoh, 2015). The occurrence of recurrent miscarriage is associated with many factors, including genetic factors, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyles and defects of the reproductive organs (Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Sen et al, 2014; Garrido-Gimenez and Alijotas-Reig, 2015; Kaur and Gupta, 2016; Pereza et al, 2017; Shi et al, 2017). In recent years, many studies have revealed a relationship between miscarriage and cardiovascular disease.…”

Diagnostik und Therapie habitueller Aborte – die S2k-Leitlinie 2018 in der Praxis

“…Unter den vielen möglichen endokrinen Funktionsstörungen können folgende relevant sein [8]: Merke Wegen der leichten Korrigierbarkeit und einer möglichen Verschlechterung in der Schwangerschaft sollte die Schilddrüsenfunktion bei habituellen Aborten bestimmt und eine manifeste Hypo-oder Hyperthyreose auf jeden Fall präkonzeptionell therapiert werden.…”

“…Patientinnen mit einem polyzystischen Ovarialsyndrom haben gehäuft Aborte. Allerdings ist ein PCOS an sich kein prädikativer Faktor für einen Abort [8]. Da ein PCOS verschiedene Pathomechanismen umfasst, ist unklar, welches die eigentliche Abortursache bei PCOS ist.…”

“…Da ein PCOS verschiedene Pathomechanismen umfasst, ist unklar, welches die eigentliche Abortursache bei PCOS ist. Eine Insulinresistenz wird bei habituellen Aborten häufig beobachtet [8]. Hierbei spielt evtl.…”

LncRNA HULC Polymorphism Is Associated With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion Susceptibility in the Southern Chinese Population

“…Recurrent spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy complication that occurs in approximately 5% of fertile couples (Rai and Regan, 2006). At present, the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion is not fully understood, but it is know that several factors, such as chromosomal abnormalities, anatomical defects, thrombosis, immune factors, endocrine dysfunction, malnutrition, and environmental factors, are associated with the development of recurrent spontaneous abortion (Regan et al, 1989; Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Garrido-Gimenez and Alijotas-Reig, 2015; Kaur and Gupta, 2016; Pereza et al, 2017). With the development of genetic testing technology, the polymorphism of many genes was recently confirmed to be associated with susceptibility to recurrent spontaneous abortion, and some gene polymorphisms, such as KDR gene polymorphism, CTLA4 genetic polymorphism and MTHFR polymorphism, might predict the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (Honarvar et al, 2016; Li et al, 2018; Zhu et al, 2018).…”