Endocrine Disruptor Compounds in Environment: Focus on Women’s Reproductive Health and Endometriosis

Abstract

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecologic illness that has long-term effects on a woman’s fertility, physical health, and overall quality of life. Growing evidence suggests that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be etiologically involved in the development and severity of the disease. We consider the available human evidence on EDCs and endometriosis, limiting ourselves to studies that have individually assessed chemical amounts in women. Dioxins, BPA, Phthalates, and other endocrine disruptors, like DDT, are among the evidence indicating an environmental etiology for endometriosis. Collectively, this review describes how environmental toxins are linked to lower fertility in women, as well as a number of reproductive diseases, focusing on the pathology of endometriosis and its treatments. Importantly, this review can be used to investigate techniques for preventing the negative effects of EDC exposure.

Biomass-based graphene aerogel for the removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater

“…EDCs are another class of emerging pollutants that disturb the immune system of humans and wildlife even in a trace amount. 76 EDCs include bisphenol A (BPA), dioxin, phthalates, and certain pesticides which can be neurotoxic, 77 reproductive toxic, 78 genotoxic and carcinogenic. 79 The main sources of entering EDCs in the environment include wastewater discharge, improper disposal practices, and agricultural runoff.…”

Endometriosis as a highly relevant yet neglected gynecologic condition in Asian women

“…Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are ubiquitous in the environment and found in many consumer products, have also been implicated in endometriosis ( 84 ). EDCs, such as bisphenols, phthalates, and per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) can leach out from food packages and canned beverages and enter humans through oral ingestion.…”

The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system

“…Characterized by the implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, EMs are strongly associated with high estrogen secretion. Numerous studies have indicated a potential link between exposure to EDCs, particularly BPA and PAEs, and abnormal secretion of estrogen in the HPG axis, thereby playing a role in the etiology of EMs ( 54 – 58 ). Nevertheless, further research is required to systematically evaluate the probability and strength of these exposure-outcome relationships.…”