Endocrine disruptor activity in bottled mineral and flavoured water

Detection of hormones in surface and drinking water in Brazil by LC-ESI-MS/MS and ecotoxicological assessment with Daphnia magna

“…Highest percentages of recoveries were obtained for E1 (96.7±3.04 %), PROG (93.98± 2.43 %), and EE2 (92.99±2.19 %), followed by E2 (83.97±1.9 %), TEST (80.44±6.7 %), and E3 (74.47± 5.17 %). The value of average recovery for PROG obtained in this study (93.98±2.43 %) was higher than reported by Plotan et al (2013) (80±4 %). Values of recoveries, standard deviation (s), the coefficient of variation for each hormone targeted and the recovery values obtained by other authors are presented in Table 6.…”

Study on the leaching of phthalates from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into mineral water

“…Some metabolites of phthalates such as mono-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and monoethyl phthalate are also capable of disturbing the hormonal activity (2001/262/EC). Thus, it was reported that endocrine disruptor activity was found in most of the examined PET-bottled water samples (Plotan et al, 2012;Pinto and Reali, 2009;Wagner and Oehlmann, 2011). According to these reports, the oestrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic activities have not reached alarming levels.…”

“…10/2011 as of 14 January 2011 does not authorize the use of phthalates for manufacturing food-contact materials, phthalates have been detected in PET material and in PET-bottled water. There are several possibilities for the occurrence of phthalates in bottled water such as: (i) quality of the raw material as well as the technology used in bottle production (Amiridou and Voutsa, 2011;Schmid et al, 2008) or perhaps chemicals used in the production process (Plotan et al, 2012, Wu et al, 2012); (ii) use of recycled PET (Bach et al, 2012); (iii) contamination of the water sources with decomposed plastic wastes of dumps (Baram et al, 2000); (iv) cross-contamination in the bottling factory as phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment (Biscardi et al, 2003;Higuchi et al, 2004;Leivadara et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2008); (v) cap sealing resins (Hirayama et al, 2001) may present contamination.…”

Screening of hormone-like activities in bottled waters available in Southern Spain using receptor-specific bioassays

“…Thus, water stored in PET bottles has demonstrated in vitro estrogenic activity in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (Wagner and Oehlmann, 2011), in recombinant cell lines (Plotan et al, 2013), and in recombinant yeast systems carrying the human estrogen receptor alpha (hERα) (Pinto and Reali, 2009;Wagner and Oehlmann, 2009), and it has shown in vivo estrogenic activity in a molluscan model (Wagner and Oehlmann, 2009). Anti-androgenic, progestogenic, and glucocorticoidlike activities were recently detected in bottled water, using a panel of reporter gene cell lines in a recombinant yeast system (Plotan et al, 2013), and a broader range of steroid receptor antagonists was found in bottled water by Wagner et al (2013). However, most of the above studies on EDCs in bottled water have focused on the agonistic activity of xenoestrogens (estrogenicity).…”