Endocrine disruption: where are we with hazard and risk assessment?

Coady, Katherine K.; Matthiessen, Peter; Zahner, Holly; Staveley, Jane P.; Caldwell, Daniel J.; Levine, Steven L.; Gray, L. Earl; Borgert, Christopher J.

doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.2580

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…In the EU, the process of determination of MRLs for natural hormones in food has not started yet. Furthermore, although there is a broad consensus of the importance of this problematic area the regulatory defi nition of endocrine disruption is not agreed upon [10]. Some of the recommended values for hormones in foodstuff were established by the EU reference laboratory for residua [11], predominantly due to control of the use of prohibited hormonal growth promoters (Table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones in Food as a Potential Risk for Human Reproductive and Health Disorders

Snoj

2019

Acta Veterinaria

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In the last 60 years, milk, meat, and egg worldwide consumption per capita increased 2-, 3-, and 5-fold, respectively. In the same period, several studies have reported a drop of semen quality and an increased incidence of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and some hormone-related cancers (testicular, prostate, breast, endometrial cancer) in humans. A possible reason for these disruptions is increased exposure to exogenous hormones in food of animal origin. Hormones in food are considered to affect the endocrine system and cell signaling and thus disrupt homeostasis in the consumers. Since food safety assurance is a part of the veterinary service, the risk assessment of hormones in food as potential disruptive compounds is a significant challenge. Numerous cohort and epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses have been performed with respect to find an association between the consumption of food of animal origin and particular health disorders. Additionally, several studies in animal models have been performed to explain the mechanisms of disruptive effects of exogenous hormones. Since contradictory results have been reported, there is no general conclusion about the disruptive effects of exogenous hormones. Further experiments on animals in which long-term treatment with exogenous hormones is performed and further comprehensive endocrinological, toxicological, and human epidemiological studies are needed to confirm or deny the role of exogenous hormones in human health disorders. Moreover, long-term exposure to a combination of several exogenous compounds, such as environmental pollutants and dietary hormones and their additive effects, are also not well known and should be a topic for further studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones in Food as a Potential Risk for Human Reproductive and Health Disorders

Snoj

2019

Acta Veterinaria

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Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the research was to show the presence of micropollutants contained in the wastewater of Mexico City within the distribution canals of the Mezquital Valley (MV), as well as their retention in agricultural soil and aquifers. This system constitutes the world's oldest and largest example of the use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. The artificial recharge associated with the MV aquifers, with groundwater extracted for human consumption showing its importance as a water resource for Mexico City. The results of sampling show the presence of 18 compounds, with 10 of these considered as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The concentration of these pollutants ranged from 2 ng/L for 17 β-estradiol to 99 ng/L for DEHP, with these values decreasing throughout the course of the canals due to the wastewater dilution factor, their retention in agricultural soil, and their accumulation in the local aquifer. The main mechanisms involved in natural attenuation are adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation. Drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs) were estimated for 11 compounds with regard to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), by assuming local exposure parameters for a rural Mexican population. These were compared with the maximum groundwater concentrations (Cgw) to screen the potential risks. The very low ratios of Cgw to DWELs indicate no appreciable human health risk from the presence of trace concentrations of these compounds in the source of drinking water in the MV. Despite this, far from being exceeded after more than 100 years of irrigation with residual water, the natural soil attenuation seems to remain stable.

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Endocrine disruption: where are we with hazard and risk assessment?

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Hormones in Food as a Potential Risk for Human Reproductive and Health Disorders

Hormones in Food as a Potential Risk for Human Reproductive and Health Disorders

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

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