Endocrine disrupters and ovarian function

Foster, Warren G.; Neal, Michael S.; Younglai, Edward V.

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.066

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…They affect the thyroid and adrenal gland functions and can act as estrogens, antiestrogens and antiandrogens [1]. Exposure to EDCs has been associated with several diseases involving the reproductive [2][3][4][5], immune [6,7] and neurological [8,9] systems and has also been associated with developmental dysfunctions [10,11]. EDCs have been found in almost all water matrices including treated and untreated wastewaters, surface waters, groundwaters, and even drinking waters [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction

Fredj

Nobbs

Tizaoui

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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With the recent wide spread concerns of the environmental and public health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is becoming important to develop new techniques to remove these substances from wastewater. EDCs find their way to the environment mainly via effluents from WWTPs. They are often cited as moderately hydrophobic, hence they have tendency to distribute to organic solvents and can then be removed using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) techniques. However, despite being a mature chemical engineering unit operation, LLE has not been studied for the removal of EDCs in water. This study investigated the removal of three EDCs of concerns including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as an extraction solvent in three water matrix types (Milli-Q, tap water, and a secondary treated wastewater). The study showed that all three EDCs were distributed to D5 but at varying distribution coefficients: K E1 = 2.66, K E2 = 0.61 and K EE2 = 1.67 ±5% at pH 6 and 20 o C. Due to the high pKa values of the three EDCs, pH had no significant effect on K EDCs up to about pH 9.5 but higher pHs reduced the distribution ratios up to almost zero at pH 12. Van't Hoff Equation described the effect of temperature on K EDCs and showed that the process was endothermic. The overall estrogenic potency of the three EDCs in mixtures was quantified with an E2 equivalent potency, which was found to distribute well into the solvent at a K E2EQ 2 = 1.43. The study suggests that LLE is an effective method to remove estrogenic potency of wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction

Fredj

Nobbs

Tizaoui

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…The estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of environmental contaminants are well documented (Damstra, 2003;Foster et al, 2004). However, it has been suggested that since the estrogenic activity of environmental contaminants is very low relative to estradiol these compounds are unlikely to contribute to the pathophysiology of estrogendependent diseases (Safe, 1997;Safe and Zacharewski, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine‐induced changes in aromatase activity in estrogen sensitive target tissues

Holloway

Anger

Crankshaw

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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Atrazine (ATR) is a pesticide used widely throughout North America. Although not directly estrogenic, ATR treatment has been shown to increase aromatase activity in tumor cell lines. Thus, it is suggested that ATR can increase local tissue estrogen levels in estrogen sensitive target tissues through increased aromatase activity. Therefore the effect of ATR on aromatase activity was measured in human granulosa-lutein cell cultures, cells that abundantly express aromatase, and endometrial stromal cell (ESC) cultures, cells that do not express aromatase. Aromatase activity was quantified by the tritiated water method and the specificity of the assay was confirmed by co-incubation with 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, an irreversible inhibitor of the catalytic activity of aromatase. Aromatase activity in ATR treated (1-10 microm) granulosa-lutein cells was increased more than 2-fold compared with control cultures. There were no treatment related changes in cellular protein and thus it is suggested that the ATR-induced change in aromatase activity was not due to an increase in cell number. ATR-treatment had no effect on ESC aromatase activity at any concentration tested. Similarly, there was no effect of ATR treatment on human recombinant aromatase activity in our cell-free test system. Therefore it is concluded that microm concentrations of ATR can increase aromatase activity of human granulosa cells but not ESC and this effect is not elicited at the enzyme level.

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“…Environmental, occupational, medicinal, or xenoestrogenic chemicals can also cause adverse effects on the female reproductive system [83,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111]. Chemicals that affect ovarian function are known as ovotoxicants and can target different stages of follicular development [88,106,112], leading to harmful effects on follicle development, decreased oocyte quality and ovulation, disruption of the estrous cycle, and altered hormonal production [106,108,[113][114][115].…”

Section: Ovarian Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

González-Alvarez,

Antwi-Boasiako,

Keating

2024

Toxics

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Per- and poly-fluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are a large group of chemicals that persist both in the environment and in the body. Legacy PFAS, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, are implicated as endocrine disruptors and reproductive and developmental toxicants in epidemiological and animal model studies. This review describes female reproductive outcomes of reported studies and includes where associative relationships between PFAS exposures and female reproductive outcomes have been observed as well as where those are absent. In animal models, studies in which PFAS are documented to cause toxicity and where effects are lacking are described. Discrepancies exist in both human and animal studies and are likely attributable to human geographical contamination, developmental status, duration of exposure, and PFAS chemical identity. Similarly, in animal investigations, the model used, exposure paradigm, and developmental status of the female are important and vary widely in documented studies. Taken together, support for PFAS as reproductive and developmental toxicants exists, although the disparity in study conditions and human exposures contribute to the variation in effects noted.

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Endocrine disrupters and ovarian function

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction

Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction

Atrazine‐induced changes in aromatase activity in estrogen sensitive target tissues

Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkylated Substances on Female Reproduction

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