Endocrine Control of Synaptic Development in the Sympathetic Nervous System

Slotkin, Theodore A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-459-7_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hypoxia is a potent stimulus for the adrenomedullary secretion of catecholamines, which mediate important respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic adaptations to oxygen lack during the perinatal period (4,27). In the rat, which is born relatively immature, functional innervation of the adrenal medulla by the splanchnic nerves is not apparent until the second week of postnatal life (31,32,34). Adrenal chromaffin cells, however, possess a developmentally regulated oxygen-sensing mechanism, similar to that of carotid body type I cells (41), which mediate a "nonneurogenic" release of catecholamines in response to hypoxia until splanchnic control of adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion is functional (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea impairs protective responses of newborn rats in an exposure-dependent fashion: influence of normoxic recovery time

Fewell¹,

Ng²,

Zhang³

2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Experiments were carried out to determine whether prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea impairs protective responses of newborn rats. Ninety-five, 5- to 6-day-old rat pups were instrumented for respiratory measurements and placed prone in a metabolic chamber regulated to 37.0 degrees C. The time to first and last gasp as well as the number of gasps were determined on exposure to unrelenting hypoxia after each pup had experienced 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, or 14 hypoxic-induced apnea/autoresuscitation cycles (HIA/AR) at 5-min intervals. Prior exposure to HIA/AR did not significantly alter the time to first gasp, but it decreased the time to last gasp after two HIA/AR and the number of gasps after three HIA/AR on exposure to unrelenting hypoxia. When the normoxic recovery time after 9 HIA/AR was varied from 5 to 120 min, the time to last gasp as well as the total number of gasps increased on exposure to unrelenting hypoxia but only at 120 min (i.e., the number of gasps was similar but the time to last gasp was still decreased compared with that observed in naive animals exposed to unrelenting hypoxia). Thus prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea as may occur during obstructive sleep apnea or positional asphyxia decreases the number and duration of potential autoresuscitation producing gasps on exposure to unrelenting hypoxia for a period of up to and exceeding 120 min, respectively. The mechanism by which prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea influences the duration and number of hypoxic-induced gasps is unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea impairs protective responses of newborn rats in an exposure-dependent fashion: influence of normoxic recovery time

Fewell¹,

Ng²,

Zhang³

2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Thus baroreceptor function in these young animals may not be as capable of buffering against decreases in blood pressure as will eventually be the case as adults. It has been suggested that the surge in sympathetic outflow to the heart that occurs during the third and fourth postnatal week may provide the final adjustments of cardiac sensitivity to norepinephrine (18). The studies with propranolol showed that there is significant basal sympathetic tone in these young rats and that most of the rise in HR with blood pressure decreases was due to increased sympathetic outflow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies of baroreflex development beyond the early perinatal period have received less attention. In this regard, the Sprague-Dawley rat has been used because baroreflex function continues to mature for several weeks after birth (18). During the third postnatal week there is a surge of sympathetic outflow to the heart coincident with development of central integration mechanisms that gradually subside during the fourth week.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of central ANG II to acute stress-induced changes in baroreflex function in young rats

Porter

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the baroreflex in weaned 23- to 25-day-old rats when maternal influences were no longer present. The relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) was determined during baroreceptor loading with phenylephrine and baroreceptor unloading with sodium nitroprusside in conscious rats, first in the freely moving state and subsequently during acute stress. In unstressed rats, the slope of the relationship between MAP and HR was greater during baroreceptor loading than baroreceptor unloading. Acute stress significantly attenuated the slope of the response to baroreceptor loading but increased the slope of the response to baroreceptor unloading. Pretreatment with intracerebroventricular or intravenous losartan, an AT(1) receptor antagonist, or intracerebroventricular alpha-helical corticotropin-releasing hormone (alpha-hCRH), a receptor antagonist, before the stress significantly reduced the stress-induced attenuation of slope during baroreceptor loading. Hence, young postweaning rats can alter baroreflex function during acute stress in a manner that would favor increases in MAP. Even at this young age, a central action of ANG II and CRH contributes to these stress-induced adaptations.

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The development of β1-adrenoreceptors in brown adipose tissue following prenatal alcohol exposure

Zimmerberg¹,

Smith²,

Weider³

et al. 1995

Alcohol

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Endocrine Control of Synaptic Development in the Sympathetic Nervous System

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea impairs protective responses of newborn rats in an exposure-dependent fashion: influence of normoxic recovery time

Prior exposure to hypoxic-induced apnea impairs protective responses of newborn rats in an exposure-dependent fashion: influence of normoxic recovery time

Contribution of central ANG II to acute stress-induced changes in baroreflex function in young rats

The development of β1-adrenoreceptors in brown adipose tissue following prenatal alcohol exposure

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