Endocrine Control of Amino Acid Transfer

Noall, Matthew W.; Riggs, Thomas R.; Walker, Lois M.; Christensen, Halvor N.

doi:10.1126/science.126.3281.1002

Cited by 270 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…8 . The increase in total DNA, RNA, 82 4 THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY • VOLUME 41,1969 protein, and lysozyme contents correlates well with the increase in the delay in onset of progesterone administration during 5 days of estrogen treatment . This correlation also can be seen from a histological examination of the magnum from chicks treated for 2 days with estrogen followed by 3 days of combined estrogen and progesterone treatment (E2 EP3) .…”

Section: Effect Of Progesterone Administered At Various Times After Tmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The effect of estrogen to increase permeability to amino acids (41)(42)(43) and water (44) has been also demonstrated in the mammalian uterus . However, many notable differences exist between chick oviduct and mammalian uterus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rat and rabbit uteri, one of the early changes induced by estrogen is the increased uptake of amino acids (41)(42)(43) and water (44) . It might be possible that progesterone exerts its inhibitory effect by blocking one of these early changes caused by estrogen .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Estrogen and Progesterone in Chick Oviduct Development

Oka

Schimke

1969

The Journal of Cell Biology

212

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Daily administration of estrogen to immature female chicks results in marked oviduct growth and appearance of characteristic tubular gland cells which contain lysozyme . Although a rapid increase in total DNA and RNA content begins within 24 hr, cell specific protein, lysozyme, is first detectable after 3 days of estrogen . Progesterone administered concomitantly with estrogen antagonizes the estrogen-induced tissue growth as well as appearance of tubular gland cells and their specific products, lysozyme and ovalbumin . When the initiation of progesterone administration is delayed for progressively longer periods (days) during estrogen treatment, proportionally greater growth occurs with more lysozyme and tubular gland cells after 5 days of total treatment. Progesterone does not inhibit the estrogen-stimulated increase in uptake of a-aminoisobutyric acid and water by oviduct occurring within 24 hr or the estrogen-induced increase in total lipid, phospholipid, and phosphoprotein content of serum . The above results of progesterone antagonism can best be explained by the hypothesis that progesterone inhibits the initial proliferation of cells which become tubular gland cells but does not antagonize the subsequent cytodifferentiation leading to the synthesis of lysozyme and ovalbumin once such cell proliferation has occurred .

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Section: Effect Of Progesterone Administered At Various Times After Tmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Estrogen and Progesterone in Chick Oviduct Development

Oka

Schimke

1969

The Journal of Cell Biology

212

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“…Because the studies of Noall, Riggs, Walker and Christensen (28), and Metcalf and Gross (29) have indicated that the intracellular penetration of the nonutilizable amino acid, a-aminoisobutyric acid, is enhanced by several hormonal agents including testosterone, it was important to determine whether testosterone might stimulate protein synthesis by enhancing the intracellular transport of a naturally occurring amino acid (step 1 ). After incubation for 1 hour the intracellular levels of both valine-C14 and tvrosine-C14 in seminal vesicle slices did not appear to be influenced by testosterone administration (Table II) (3 days) were incubated for 1 hour in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4, containing glucose (6.2 X 10-3M) and L-tyrosine-U-C' (5 X 10AM containing 1.06 X lO6cpm) in a final volume of 1.0 ml.…”

Section: Testosterone and Protein Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of the Biochemical Site of Action of Testosterone on Protein Synthesis in the Seminal Vesicle of the Rat*

Wilson¹

1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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Although the administration of testosterone clearly causes marked diminution in nitrogen excretion (3) and results in increased protein deposition in kidney, liver, muscle, carcass, and accessory sex tissue (4), the mechanisms of this protein anabolic action are unexplained. While this effect of testosterone is probably the result of an enhancement of protein synthesis, previous attempts to elucidate this action have been complicated by two factors: first, the major enzymatic steps in the synthesis of protein have been described only in the past few years (5); and second, previous attempts to demonstrate an influence of testosterone on protein synthesis in several nonsexual tissues of the rat (6) and mouse (7, 8) have yielded differences which, although consistent, are very small.Several observations have suggested that the rat accessory sex organs might serve as suitable tissues for an exploration of the mechanisms by which testosterone influences protein metabolism. The accessory sex organs are very responsive to the administration of testosterone (9), and in fact, Scow has reported that as much as 25 per cent of the total weight gain induced by testosterone in castrated rats occurs in the sexual tissue (10). Furthermore, Greer has demonstrated that the rat prostate rapidly and selectively concentrates testosterone-4-C14 (11).The present report describes a study of the influence of testosterone administration on protein synthesis in the rat seminal vesicle. Evidence is presented that testosterone administration will en-* This work was presented at the meeting of the Society for Clinical Investigation, May 1, 1961, and has been published in abstract form (1,2 Incubation procedure. Male rats of the Long-Evans strain, weighing from 50 to 75 g, were given, intramuscularly, 5 mg per day of testosterone propionate for periods varying from 12 hours to 3 days. In some experiments the rats were castrated under ether anesthesia at the beginning of the injections. The testosterone-treated animals and either normal or castrated controls were decapitated, and their prostates and seminal vesicles quickly excised and placed in ice-cold Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4. Slices, approximately 0.5 mm thick, were prepared by hand; the slices from several animals were pooled, washed gently in the ice-cold buffer, blotted, and weighed. Portions of the slices (10 to 100 mg) were placed in centrifuge tubes, and substrates and Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer were added to give a constant volume; samples were incubated either in duplicate or triplicate. The tubes were gassed with 95 per cent oxygen-5 per cent carbon dioxide for 10 seconds, sealed, and incubated at a 30°angle in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker at 37.5°C for varying time intervals.Analytical methods. At the end of the incubation period the slices were quickly washed five times with 5 ml of cold Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer and homogenized in 1 ml water at on C by grinding with a motor-driven pestle. In experiments in which the ribonucleic acid (RNA) fractions were ...

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“…It is widely known that estrogen can stimulate transport of both sugars and amino acids into rat uterus (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). This estrogen effect on transport may reflect the anabolic activity of the hormone in uterus but its mechanism is little known.…”

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confidence: 99%