Endocrine, cognitive and hippocampal/cortical 5HT1A/2A receptor changes evoked by a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) stress model in rats

Harvey, Brian H.; Naciti, Carla; Brand, Linda; Stein, Dan J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03033-6

Cited by 104 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Contrary to our observation, experimental findings have demonstrated that iNOS produces in brain cells NO in a sustainable manner leading to increased levels of NO that results in local damage of neurons and in shrinking of hypocampus which is often seen in patients with PTSD (Harvey et al 2003). …”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not Associated With Serum Nitric Oxide in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYBackground: The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum nitric oxide (NO) PTSD (r=0.118; p=0.727 mg/L). Serum NO concentration in veterans with (7.64±4.43 µmol/L) and without PTSD (7.12±2.60 µmol/L) was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to control group (11.26±7.01 µmol/L). Statistically significant correlation between serum NO and CRP concentration was determined in veterans without PTSD (r=-0.473; p<0.01). No correlation was observed between serum NO and CRP concentration in veterans with

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not Associated With Serum Nitric Oxide in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2017

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“…Following recuperation for 15 min, animals are exposed to ether until the loss of consciousness and then left undisturbed in their home cage for 7 days. Consistent with time-dependent sensitization (TDS) studies, [6] it was proposed that the undisturbed period is a necessary condition to produce PTSD-like manifestations. As a result, behavioral experiments are generally undertaken 7-14 days after the SPS procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Single prolonged stress: toward an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder

et al. 2009

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Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are reported to be effective in decreasing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, a subgroup of PTSD patients remain chronically symptomatic and maintain conditioned fear responses to traumatic stimuli. In this context, the establishment of an appropriate animal model of PTSD is necessary to promote better understanding of the mechanisms of the disorder and to facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic alternatives to SSRIs. Although no single widely accepted animal model of PTSD has been established to date, the single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model has been partially validated as a model for PTSD. SPS rats mimic the pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral characteristics of PTSD, such as enhanced anxiety-like behavior and glucocorticoid negative feedback, and they exhibit the expected therapeutic response to paroxetine on enhanced fear memory. In addition, SPS rats exhibit enhanced freezing in response to contextual fear conditioning, and impaired extinction of fear memory, which is alleviated by D-cycloserine. The enhanced consolidation and impaired extinction of fear memory found in SPS rats suggests that this model has additional value because recent studies of PTSD indicate that memory abnormalities are a central feature. In this study, we summarize the behavioral and pathophysiological PTSD-like symptoms in SPS, focusing on memory abnormalities, and evaluate the validity of SPS as an animal model of PTSD.

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“…Therefore, it can be hypothesized that just one previous exposure to bright light during startle testing [Tazumi et al, 2005] or blood sampling in a bright room while being held in a restrainer in our lab [Hougaard et al, 2005a, b] could act as the unconditional stimulus/conditional stimulus/context pairing which induced the exaggerated startle in the subsequent startle test. This hypothesis is supported by studies using repeated exposure to a restrainer as a basis in post-traumatic stress disorder models [Harvey et al, 2003[Harvey et al, , 2004Oosthuizen et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reduced Mobility But Unaffected Startle Response in Female Rats Exposed to Prenatal Dexamethasone: Different Sides to a Phenotype

et al. 2010

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An adverse fetal environment is strongly associated with behavioral and emotional development in later life, and environmental interactions with the genome are essential in the development of pathophysiology. This implicates that a genetic vulnerability or other predisposition may interact with the environment and stressful life events to trigger mental disease. The startle reflex is highly sensitive to fear and anxiety in humans and animals. Elevated startle magnitude has been proposed as a marker for neurodevelopmental disorders. We have recently established an animal model for possible development of anxiety, where female rats are exposed to two stressful life events, during prenatal life and as adolescents, respectively. A blood sampling procedure 3 months prior to startle testing has previously been found to increase basal startle, but only in prenatally stressed rats. As the experimental procedure of acoustic startle response (ASR) measurement resembles the aversive blood sampling procedure, this suggests that effects on ASR may be caused by aversive contextual similarities between blood sampling under restraint and the ASR test. In the present study, postnatal blood sampling was replaced by another dissimilar stressful event. Animals exposed to a high prenatal glucocorticoid level (i.e. 150 µg dexamethasone/kg) were statistically significantly more immobile in the forced swim test (FST) than animals exposed to a lower level of dexamethasone (50 µg/kg) and control animals. Exposure to a novel contextual stressor at 3 months of age (FST) was unassociated with changes in basal startle. These data suggest, since the high prenatal dexamethasone group showed increased immobility in the FST but coped equally well with controls in the ASR, that the outcome of environmental influences is determined by the individual circumstances as different situations require different coping abilities in the same individual.

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Endocrine, cognitive and hippocampal/cortical 5HT1A/2A receptor changes evoked by a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) stress model in rats

Cited by 104 publications

References 48 publications

Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not Associated With Serum Nitric Oxide in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Elevated Serum C-Reactive Protein Level Is Not Associated With Serum Nitric Oxide in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Single prolonged stress: toward an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder

Reduced Mobility But Unaffected Startle Response in Female Rats Exposed to Prenatal Dexamethasone: Different Sides to a Phenotype

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