Endocrine Changes in Undernutrition, Metabolic Programming, and Nutritional Recovery

Martins, Vinícius Gomes; Albuquerque, Maria Paula de; Sawaya, Ana Lydia

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_41-1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…One of the most evident consequences of undernutrition is the restriction of linear growth, which is mainly a result of GH-IGF-I axis disruption [40] . In the present study, nutritionally stunted Egyptian children showed significantly lower serum IGF-1 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Abdou

El-Boghdady

El-Maksoud

et al. 2019

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University

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Stunting represents a worldwide nutritional problem, which has many negative effects on child health and development. This study aimed to investigate the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), total ghrelin and insulin resistance, as well as certain micronutrients affecting children growth and skeletal maturity in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children. Stunted children were selected to have height for age Z score (HAZ) <-2 standard deviation, whereas, control children were selected to have HAZ >-2. Stunted children were further classified according to weight for age Z score into normal and underweight groups. All stunted children exhibited significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, Ca, and Mg compared to normal control children. Additionally, both normal weight and underweight groups showed insignificantly higher total ghrelin levels than the control values. Only stunted underweight children showed significantly lower serum Zn levels compared to control children. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in serum glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin resistance between different study groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of early detection of abnormalities in growth hormone / IGF-1 axis and micronutrients levels in hope that appropriate intervention strategies could improve their status to obtain full growth potential in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Abdou

El-Boghdady

El-Maksoud

et al. 2019

Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University

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“…Notably, however, a combination of better diet quality and prevention of infections appears 278 able to reverse these effects. 47…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The programme of treatment for child malnutrition in Brazil (Panel 2) highlights where efforts should be 487 directed to break this cycle. 47 The programme improves dietary quality while also cutting the burden of 488 infection. This composite improvement makes the long--term future more attainable, and the body 489 responds by promoting linear growth rather than adiposity, whilst restoring metabolism to lower levels 490 of NCD risk.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health

et al. 2020

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• Malnutrition has long been researched and addressed in two distinct silos, focusing either on chronic 2 or acute undernutrition, energy inadequacy and micronutrient deficiencies, or on overweight, obesity 3 and dietary excess. The contemporary reality of the double burden of malnutrition is different, making it 4 impossible to separate these issues, but also indicating shared opportunities to address them. 5 • Malnutrition harms health throughout the life-course, but its emergence early in life has particularly 6 pernicious consequences. A variety of physiological mechanisms propagate effects of early-life 7 malnutrition across the life-course, while adolescent and adult malnutrition can transmit effects to the 8 next generation. 9 • Different forms of malnutrition can interact through the life-course and across generations. In some 10 settings, early stunting may predispose to a more central distribution of adiposity at later ages, while 11 the extent to which maternal obesity adversely affects early growth and development of the offspring 12 may be exacerbated if the mother herself was under-nourished in early life. 13 • Life-course exposure to the double burden of malnutrition (early undernutrition followed by later 14 overweight) increases the risk of non-communicable disease, by imposing a high metabolic load on a 15 depleted capacity for homeostasis. The health costs of adult obesity are therefore exacerbated among 16 those who previously experienced undernutrition. In women, life-course exposure to the double burden 17 of malnutrition increases the risk of childbirth complications. 18 • Exclusive and appropriate breast-feeding protects infants against all forms of malnutrition, and 19 protects mothers against diabetes and breast cancer, in part through healthy-weight benefits. However, 20 maternal obesity, diabetes and micronutrient deficiencies alter the biology of lactation, and should be 21 addressed to maximise the success of breast-feeding. 22 • Exposure to the double burden of malnutrition can only be fully understood in the context of broader 23 societal drivers acting across culture, behaviour and technology. Various groups are at high risk of the 24 double burden through elevated exposure to these drivers, often exacerbated by biological 25 susceptibility. 26 • Developmental responses to malnutrition in early life are shaped by ecological factors, such as 27 pathogen burden and extrinsic mortality risk. An evolutionary perspective, focusing on how our 28 biological plasticity was shaped in ancestral environments to promote survival and reproduction, may 29 help design interventions that promote linear growth and lean tissue accretion rather than excess 30 adiposity. 31 • Inter-generational cycles of malnutrition have proven difficult to disrupt through public health 32 interventions. Major societal shifts are required regarding nutrition and public health, in order to 33 implement comprehensive change that is sustained over decades, and scaled up into the entire global 34 food system.

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“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances of energy and/or nutrients in a person’s dietary intake [ 4 ]. Undernutrition has detrimental effects on organ development and growth [ 5 ], causing two of the best-known forms of undernutrition, stunting (chronic, intergenerational undernutrition) and wasting (acute undernutrition) [ 6 ]. Furthermore, childhood obesity and its comorbidities have become a major health problem worldwide [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Nutritional Status in a Series of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Zinc is an essential trace element for the normal growth and development of human beings. The main objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc and its association with nutritional indicators in a series of children with chronic diseases. Methods: The prevalence of patients with dietary zinc deficiency or deficit zinc intake (<80% DRI: dietary reference intake) was analyzed through prospective 72 h dietary surveys, and serum zinc deficiency or hypozincemia (≤70 µg/dL in children under 10 years of age in both sexes and in females older than 10 years and <74 μg/dL in males older than 10 years) was measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The participants were classified according to their nutritional status by body mass index (BMI). Results: Mean serum zinc level in obese (87 µg/dL), undernourished (85 µg/dL), and eutrophic children (88 µg/dL) were normal, but in the undernutrition (60% DRI) and eutrophic (67% DRI) groups the mean dietary zinc intake was low compared to that in the obesity group (81% DRI). There were different associations between nutritional parameters, dietary zinc intake, and serum zinc. All patients with hypozincemia had dietary zinc deficiency. Conclusions: In the whole series, 69% of participants showed a zinc intake lower than recommended and might be at high risk of zinc deficiency.

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Endocrine Changes in Undernutrition, Metabolic Programming, and Nutritional Recovery

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children

The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health

Zinc Nutritional Status in a Series of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

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