Endocrine activities of phthalate alternatives; assessing the safety profile of furan dicarboxylic acid esters using a panel of human cell based reporter gene assays

Vugt-Lussenburg, Barbara M.A. van; Es, Daan S. van; Naderman, Matthijs; Nôtre, J. Le; Klis, Frits van der; Brouwer, Abraham; Burg, Bart van der

doi:10.1039/c9gc04348a

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Not always the technical benefits which are encountered by replacing PTA by FDCA to make PEF instead of PET are encountered but when FDCA becomes an economically competitive bulk monomer those other outlets will also be very interesting. Many other FDCA containing polyesters have been reported as well as polyamides, polyurethanes, thermoset resins [ 7 , 8 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ] and references therein] as well as plasticizers to replace phthalate-based compounds [ 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: How the Technologies Developed Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Bring FDCA and PEF to the Market

et al. 2022

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Biobased polymers and materials are desperately needed to replace fossil-based materials in the world’s transition to a more sustainable lifestyle. In this article, Avantium describes the path from invention towards commercialization of their YXY® plants-to-plastics Technology, which catalytically converts plant-based sugars into FDCA—the chemical building block for PEF (polyethylene furanoate). PEF is a plant-based, highly recyclable plastic, with superior performance properties compared to today’s widely used petroleum-based packaging materials. The myriad of topics that must be addressed in the process of bringing a new monomer and polymer to market are discussed, including process development and application development, regulatory requirements, IP protection, commercial partnerships, by-product valorisation, life cycle assessment (LCA), recyclability and circular economy fit, and end-of-life. Advice is provided for others considering embarking on a similar journey, as well as an outlook on the next, exciting steps towards large-scale production of FDCA and PEF at Avantium’s Flagship Plant and beyond.

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Section: How the Technologies Developed Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Bring FDCA and PEF to the Market

et al. 2022

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“…3−7 Yet, despite the long history of FDCA and its related polymers, some properties have only recently attracted attention. Examples are studies into the toxicity of FDCA and its related diesters, 8 into the enzymatic hydrolysis of PEF, 9 or into the (bio)degradability of PEF. 10 Surprisingly, to the best of our knowledge, we could not find any investigation into the weathering stability of FDCA-based polyesters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Susceptibility of Poly(ethylene furanoate) to UV Irradiation: A Warning Light for Furandicarboxylic Acid?

Maaskant

2021

ACS Macro Lett.

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Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) is widely advocated as a renewable alternative to the fossil-based polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Whereas the UV stability of PET is well-studied, little is known for PEF. Here, we compare the UV stability of both polyesters after 500 h of UV irradiation in a Q-SUN xenon arc chamber. Both the virgin and irradiated polyesters were characterized by FTIR, SEC, DSC, NMR, TGA, and MALDI-TOF MS. PET showed only minor signs of degradation under the applied test conditions, while PEF showed significant discoloration as well as evidence of both cross linking/chain extension and chain scission. Also, the thermal properties and the ability to crystallize of PEF were severely impacted by UV irradiation. Although a detailed study on the degradation mechanism is out of the scope of this work, we found indications that Norrish type I and II degradation reactions play an important role in the UV degradation of PEF.

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“…Very recently the endocrine disruptor activity of furan dicarboxylic acid esters has been assessed and compared to that of phthalates. 31 BPA has been shown to have estrogenic activity and to be an antagonist for androgenic receptor. 32 Evidence was found that BPA can also disrupt thyroid hormone action.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there is no report on the evaluation of endocrine activity in furanic diols, and thus, the current work fills an important knowledge gap. Very recently the endocrine disruptor activity of furan dicarboxylic acid esters has been assessed and compared to that of phthalates …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Biobased Furanic Diols as Potential Alternatives to BPA: Synthesis and Endocrine Activity Screening

Sutton

Polykarpov

Berg

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A series of asymmetric and symmetric diols were prepared in high yields from biomass-derived feedstocks 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformyl furan (DFF) as potential replacements for bisphenol A (BPA). The diols were screened for estrogenic, androgenic, antiandrogenic, and antithyroid activities in reporter gene assays. Several of the low molecular weight asymmetric diols did not exhibit activity in any of the assays and thus have promise as potentially more sustainable alternatives to BPA.

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Endocrine activities of phthalate alternatives; assessing the safety profile of furan dicarboxylic acid esters using a panel of human cell based reporter gene assays

Abstract: Ensuring non-regrettable substitution of fossil derived chemicals by biobased alternatives using human cell based reporter gene assays.

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

The Road to Bring FDCA and PEF to the Market

The Road to Bring FDCA and PEF to the Market

Unexpected Susceptibility of Poly(ethylene furanoate) to UV Irradiation: A Warning Light for Furandicarboxylic Acid?

Novel Biobased Furanic Diols as Potential Alternatives to BPA: Synthesis and Endocrine Activity Screening

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