Endocarditis due toKingella kingae

Ødum, Lars; Jensen, Kjeld Truberg; Slotsbjerg, T.

doi:10.1007/bf02014899

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Invasive K. kingae disease usually affects previously healthy children aged less than 4 years (102), whereas older children and adults frequently have predisposing conditions such as failure to thrive (102), congenital heart disease (102), prolonged corticosteroid therapy (102), primary immunodeficiency (123,124), hematological malignancies (6,125), liver cirrhosis (126,127), endstage renal disease (128), sickle cell anemia (126), diabetes mellitus (21,128), cardiac valve pathology (9,129,130), systemic lupus erythematosus (131)(132)(133)(134), rheumatoid arthritis (135), renal transplants (9), solid tumors (82), or AIDS (22,128,136,137).…”

Section: Clinical Features Of K Kingae Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A native valve is af-fected in 95% of children (138,168,(245)(246)(247)(248)(249)(250)(251)(252), whereas native (133,245,(252)(253)(254)(255) and prosthetic (21,23,243,(256)(257)(258)(259) valve involvement have been reported with approximately similar frequency in adult patients. The mitral valve is affected in over 90% of cases (113,124,130,133,168,244,245,247,248,250,252,255,257,(260)(261)(262)(263)(264)(265)(266), followed by the aortic valve (6, 23, 243, 246, 249, 253-256, 259, 267, 268), while tricuspid (269) or pulmonary (130) valve endocarditis is exceptional. Involvement of multiple valves has been also described (255,…”

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Involvement of multiple valves has been also described (255,259). A wide variety of cardiac malformations (9,124,130,133,252,262,269) and rheumatic fever (21,133,259) are the usual predisposing factors, but many pediatric patients have no antecedent valvular disease (113, 130, 138, 242, 244, 247-251, 263, 266, 267, 270). A single case of endocarditis in a 4-year-old child occurring a few months after the percutaneous correction of a ventricular septal defect using a transcatheter device has been reported (271).…”

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite K. kingae's remarkable susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, serious complications, such as embolism or mycotic aneurism to the femoral (9,130,251), brachial (124), or ophthalmic (9) arteries, valvular insufficiency (113,242,245,247,249,250,264,269), congestive heart failure (133,249,272) or cardiogenic shock (21,130,258), pulmonary infarction (269), mitral valve rupture (244) or perforation (242,250,263), paravalvular abscess formation (249,259,265), cerebrovascular accidents (113, 168, 242, 255, 257, 261-263, 265, 266, 272, 273), meningitis (113,138,242,245), brain abscess (251), and embolic arthritis (138) and cellulitis (252), are common. Emergency cardiac surgery has been prescribed for life-threatening complications that do not respond to conservative medical treatment (9, 130, 244, 248-250, 259, 263, 267, 271, 272), many patients require late valvuloplasty (269) or valve replacement (242,247,259), and the overall mortality rate of the disease is Ͼ10% (9,18,…”

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease

2015

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SUMMARY Kingella kingae is a common etiology of pediatric bacteremia and the leading agent of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children aged 6 to 36 months. This Gram-negative bacterium is carried asymptomatically in the oropharynx and disseminates by close interpersonal contact. The colonized epithelium is the source of bloodstream invasion and dissemination to distant sites, and certain clones show significant association with bacteremia, osteoarthritis, or endocarditis. Kingella kingae produces an RTX (repeat-in-toxin) toxin with broad-spectrum cytotoxicity that probably facilitates mucosal colonization and persistence of the organism in the bloodstream and deep body tissues. With the exception of patients with endocardial involvement, children with K. kingae diseases often show only mild symptoms and signs, necessitating clinical acumen. The isolation of K. kingae on routine solid media is suboptimal, and detection of the bacterium is significantly improved by inoculating exudates into blood culture bottles and the use of PCR-based assays. The organism is generally susceptible to antibiotics that are administered to young patients with joint and bone infections. β-Lactamase production is clonal, and the local prevalence of β-lactamase-producing strains is variable. If adequately and promptly treated, invasive K. kingae infections with no endocardial involvement usually run a benign clinical course.

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Section: Clinical Features Of K Kingae Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease

2015

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“…has been reported in 33 patients, 28 of whom were infected with Kingella kingae (79,105,183,190,202,303 (116). K. kingae endocarditis occurred more frequently in very young children, and 40% of patients were younger than 20 years.…”

Section: Gram-negative Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocarditis Due to Rare and Fastidious Bacteria

2001

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The etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis is easily made in the presence of continuous bacteremia with gram-positive cocci. However, the blood culture may contain a bacterium rarely associated with endocarditis, such as Lactobacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., or nontoxigenic Corynebacterium, Salmonella, Gemella, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Yersinia, Nocardia, Pasteurella, Listeria, or Erysipelothrix spp., that requires further investigation to establish the relationship with endocarditis, or the blood culture may be uninformative despite a supportive clinical evaluation. In the latter case, the etiologic agents are either fastidious extracellular or intracellular bacteria. Fastidious extracellular bacteria such as Abiotrophia, HACEK group bacteria, Clostridium, Brucella, Legionella, Mycobacterium, and Bartonella spp. need supplemented media, prolonged incubation time, and special culture conditions. Intracellular bacteria such as Coxiella burnetii cannot be isolated routinely. The two most prevalent etiologic agents of culture-negative endocarditis are C. burnetti and Bartonella spp. Their diagnosis is usually carried out serologically. A systemic pathologic examination of excised heart valves including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and molecular methods has allowed the identification of Whipple's bacillus endocarditis. Pathologic examination of the valve using special staining, such as Warthin-Starry, Gimenez, and PAS, and broad-spectrum PCR should be performed systematically when no etiologic diagnosis is evident through routine laboratory evaluation

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Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

Murray¹

1988

Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

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Endocarditis due toKingella kingae

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease

Kingella kingae: Carriage, Transmission, and Disease

Endocarditis Due to Rare and Fastidious Bacteria

Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

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