Endocarditis due to Coccidioides spp: The Seventh Case

Horng, Lily; Yaghoubian, Shadi; Ram, Arleen; Johnson, Royce H.; Castro, Luis J.; Kuo, Jenny; Deresinski, Stan

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv086

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Endocarditis is a rare manifestation of coccidioidomycosis, and to date there have been only 7 other reported cases [ 2 , 3 ]. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Coccidioides endocarditis acquired through the cardiac allograft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donor-Derived Coccidioides immitis Endocarditis and Disseminated Infection in the Setting of Solid Organ Transplantation

Nelson

Giraldeau

Montoya

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donor-Derived Coccidioides immitis Endocarditis and Disseminated Infection in the Setting of Solid Organ Transplantation

Nelson

Giraldeau

Montoya

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…In addition to our current case, 12 other cases of CIE have been published in the literature. We included only 11 cases for which adequate descriptive data were available [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The postpartum patient had primary pulmonary disease followed by disseminated coccidioidomycosis with previous pregnancies and was intermittently compliant with azole therapy. CIE developed two months after a spontaneous abortion [3]. Except for the patient with disseminated disease during her pregnancies [3] and the other with uncontrolled disease, no patients with prior coccidioidomycosis had initiation, alteration, or escalation of immunosuppression at the time of CIE.…”

Section: Coccidioides Infective Endocarditis (Cie)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endemic Fungal Infective Endocarditis Caused by Coccidioides, Blastomyces and Histoplasma Species in the United States

Kasule,

Grant,

Apolinario

et al. 2024

Cureus

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We describe a recent case of Coccidioides bioprosthetic aortic valve infective endocarditis successfully managed at our institution. This led us to perform a literature review of endemic fungal infective endocarditis in the United States caused by Coccidioides, Blastomyces, and Histoplasma. Symptoms preceded infective endocarditis diagnosis by several months. Patients with Coccidioides and Blastomyces infective endocarditis were younger with fewer comorbid conditions. Valvular involvement was relatively uncommon in Blastomyces infective endocarditis (27%). Fungemia was noted in patients with infective endocarditis due to Histoplasma (30%) and Coccidioides (18%). Mortality rates for infective endocarditis were high (Histoplasma, 46%; Coccidioides, 58%; Blastomyces, 80%); infective endocarditis was commonly diagnosed post-mortem (Coccidioides, 58%; Blastomyces, 89%). Most surviving patients with infective endocarditis (Histoplasma, 79%; Coccidioides, 80%) underwent valve surgery along with prolonged antifungal therapy. The two surviving patients with Blastomyces infective endocarditis received antifungal therapy without surgery.

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“…While skin, joint, bone, and CNS involvement are the most common locations of extrapulmonary disease, any site can be infected with Coccidioides spp. Unusual locations described in case reports have included endocarditis [ 84 ], prostate abscess [ 85 ], peritonitis [ 86 ], intraocular [ 87 ], and thyroid infection [ 88 ], to name just a few.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidioidomycosis: A Contemporary Review

Crum

2022

Infect Dis Ther

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Coccidioidomycosis, colloquially known as Valley Fever, is an invasive dimorphic fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. The fungi are found in the arid desert soils of the southwestern US, as well as in parts of Mexico and Central and South America. Acquisition is typically via inhalation of arthroconidia which become airborne after both natural (e.g., earthquakes, dust storms, and fires) and human-related events (e.g., military maneuvers, recreational activities, agriculture, and construction). The incidence of infection in increasing likely a result of both climatic and populational changes. Further, the recognized geographic distribution of Coccidioides spp. is expanding, as cases are being diagnosed in new areas (e.g., eastern Washington, Oregon, and Utah). Most coccidioidal infections are asymptomatic (60%); however, approximately one-third develop a pulmonary illness which is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in highly endemic areas. Uncommonly (0.5–2% of cases), the infection disseminates to extrapulmonary locations (e.g., skin, bones/joints, and the central nervous system), and is most commonly seen among persons with cellular immunodeficiencies (e.g., transplant recipients, HIV, and pregnancy) and non-Caucasian races (especially African Americans and Filipinos). The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis requires astute clinical suspicion and laboratory findings, including positive serology, cultures, and/or histopathology results. Treatment is warranted among persons with pneumonia who have risk factors for complicated disease and among those with extrapulmonary disease. Novel antifungals with improved fungicidal activity and rapidity of action with fewer side effects and drug interactions are needed. Preventive strategies (e.g., education regarding the disease, dust avoidance, mask wearing, including among select groups, antifungal prophylaxis, and surveillance laboratory testing) are advised for residents and travelers to endemic areas. Currently, no preventive vaccine is available. Coccidioidomycosis has been recognized for over a century, and an expanding wealth of knowledge has been gained regarding this emerging infectious disease which will be reviewed here.

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Endocarditis due to Coccidioides spp: The Seventh Case

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Donor-Derived Coccidioides immitis Endocarditis and Disseminated Infection in the Setting of Solid Organ Transplantation

Donor-Derived Coccidioides immitis Endocarditis and Disseminated Infection in the Setting of Solid Organ Transplantation

Endemic Fungal Infective Endocarditis Caused by Coccidioides, Blastomyces and Histoplasma Species in the United States

Coccidioidomycosis: A Contemporary Review

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