Endocarditis: Cardiac Surgery Treatment/A Thrilling Challenge in Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Infective endocarditis is a rare but life-threatening disease that has a major impact on healthcare resources. It is heterogeneous in etiology, clinical manifestations, and course. The timing of surgery remains a topic of debate. Some authors promote an early surgical approach to improve the outcomes. There are different points of view between American and European guidelines regarding the relative priority of surgery over medical treatment. Anyway, multidisciplinary teams and multimodality strategies are advocated in order to optimize the treatment according to the individual needs of the patients. The early surgical approach may represent a valuable treatment option for high-risk patients. In this chapter, we discuss the latest evidence on surgical approaches, potential pitfalls, and the controversial issues in the contemporary practice of infective endocarditis.