Endocardial fibroelastosis in two related tiger cubs ( Panthera tigris )

Rodriguez, Kiira T.; Cushing, Andrew C.; Bernal, C. Cuellar; Ramsay, Ed; Craig, Linden E.; Gompf, Rebecca Elaine

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2017.10.002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hence, the term "idiopathic EFE" rather than "primary EFE" is proposed, if no underlying cause can be identified. EFE has been reported as a rare cardiac disorder in several mammalian species including cattle (Gopal et al 1986, Scarratt et al 1987, sheep (Dennis et al 1968), cats (Tidholm et al 2015, Eliot Jr et al 1958, Rozengurt 1994, Zook et al 1981, dogs (Tidholm 1997, Bentley 1999, and tigers (Rodriguez et al 2017), as well as in humans (Lurie 2010). In horses, EFE has so far been only reported in three case reports and as a single mention in a systematic study concerning sudden death in race horses (Belgrave et al 2002, Cushing 2013, Hughes et al 1984, Lyle et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic endocardial fibroelastosis in a foal with biventricular heart failure

Bertram¹,

Dietert²,

Gronenberg³

et al. 2018

PHK

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A six-month-old foal was initially presented with recurrent, progressive respiratory symptoms over a period of three months. During fixation for medical treatment of a suspected bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, the horse developed acute circulatory failure and was referred to an equine clinic. Cardiac auscultation revealed holosystolic murmur centered around the mitral valve, whilst thoracic auscultation and radiography revealed pulmonary edema and a highly enlarged cardiac silhouette. The foal collapsed during echocardiographic examination and was humanely euthanized. At necropsy, the heart was enlarged with severe dilation of all four chambers and the endocardium was markedly thickened and diffusely opacified. Histopathologically, the endocardium was also severely thickened to up to 601 µm by a significantly increased amount of collagen fibers and discontinuous and irregularly arranged elastic fibers, consistent with severe endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). In contrast, five control horses with a median age of six months lacking cardiac alterations had a mean left ventricular endocardial thickness of 29.8 ±17.3 µm with few, regularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers. Further pathological findings included pulmonary edema and fibrosis, detection of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the alveoli, vascular and perivascular fibrosis, as well as ascites and were consistent with biventricular heart failure. Idiopathic EFE has very rarely been described in young horses and other animals and its intravital diagnosis is very difficult. However, EFE should be considered as a differential diagnosis in foals with acute or chronic congestive heart failure. As in the present case, therapeutic approaches have to date always been unrewarding in animals and therefore, prognosis is generally considered poor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic endocardial fibroelastosis in a foal with biventricular heart failure

Bertram¹,

Dietert²,

Gronenberg³

et al. 2018

PHK

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“…A 2-y-old male European wildcat ( Felis sylvestris ) was reported to have DCM, and in 2018, EFE associated with DCM was documented in 2 related tiger cubs. 14,16…”

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confidence: 99%

Dilated cardiomyopathy with endocardial fibroelastosis in a juvenile Pallas cat

2019

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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by ventricular chamber dilation associated with systolic myocardial dysfunction in the absence of other cardiac lesions. DCM occasionally develops in conjunction with proliferation of fibroelastic fibers in the endocardium, producing endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Although early reports describe EFE as a primary disease, evidence now suggests that EFE may develop as a response to myocardial dysfunction. Echocardiographic evaluation of a 4-wk-old Pallas cat (Otocolobus manul) with respiratory distress revealed enlargement of both atria, enlarged end-systolic left ventricular dimension, and left ventricular dilation. DCM was diagnosed, and the cat was euthanized, given the poor prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed pericardial effusion and biventricular and biatrial enlargement. The interventricular septum and free walls of ventricles were thin. Histologically, the endocardium of the left and right ventricles was diffusely thickened; Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining of the left ventricular endocardium revealed a moderate amount of endocardial accumulation of elastin and collagen. These fibers were more prominent in papillary muscles and around coronary blood vessels. Based on these findings, we diagnosed DCM with EFE. Cardiac diseases are rarely diagnosed in wild felids.

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