Endocannabinoid signaling and memory dynamics: A synaptic perspective

Drumond, Ana; Madeira, Natália; Fonseca, Rosalina

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.031

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…The eCBome represents an extension of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprising the aforementioned mediators, several receptors other than cannabinoid receptors type-1 and type-2 (CB-1 and CB-2 respectively) such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and some orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and a plethora of proteins acting as anabolic and catabolic enzymes for the mediators [37][38][39][40][41]. As many physiological processes including energy homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, learning and memory [42][43][44][45] the eCBome varies markedly with age [46]. Several are the conflicting reports regarding agerelated changes of CB-1 in the brain ranging from a reduced mRNA expression in advanced age in rodents [47,48] to no changes or even region-specific increases in CB-1 [49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity

et al. 2021

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To evaluate whether a peculiar plasma profile of fatty acids and endocannabinoidome (eCBome)-related mediators may be associated to longevity, we assessed them in octogenarians (Old; n=42) living in the east-central mountain area of Sardinia, a High-Longevity Zone (HLZ), compared to sexagenarian (Young; n=21) subjects from the same area, and to Olds (n=22) from the Northern Sardinia indicated as Lower-Longevity Zone (LLZ). We found significant increases in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) levels in Old-HLZ with respect to younger subjects and Old-LLZ subjects. Young-HLZ subjects exhibited higher circulating levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and retinol. Palmitoleic acid (POA) was elevated in both Young and Old subjects from the HLZ. eCBome profile showed a significantly increased plasma level of the two endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in Old-HLZ subjects compared to Young-HLZ and Old-LLZ respectively. In addition, we found increased N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), 2-linoleoyl-glycerol (2-LG) and 2-oleoyl-glycerol (2-OG) levels in Old-HLZ group with respect to Young-HLZ (as for OEA an d 2-LG) and both the Old-LLZ and Young-HLZ for 2-OG. The endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA) was significantly increased in Old-HLZ subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that in the HLZ area, Young and Old subjects exhibited a favourable, albeit distinctive, fatty acids and eCBome profile that may be indicative of a metabolic pattern potentially protective from adverse chronic conditions. These factors could point to a suitable physiological metabolic pattern that may counteract the adverse stimuli leading to age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity

et al. 2021

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“…The major advances in cannabinoid research are attributed to the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is composed of endogenous ligands (primarily anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol), enzymes and cannabinoid receptors (CBR) that are widely distributed throughout the human body [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The ECS plays vital regulatory roles in multiple physiological processes and behavioral pathways related to inflammatory and immune regulation, synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection, cancer progression, appetite and metabolism, thermogenesis, learning and memory, circadian rhymes, pain regulation, mood and behavior, reproduction, gametogenesis and heart function [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Recent studies have shown that the ECS may potentially undergo epigenetic modulation through various environmental and lifestyles factors that primarily target genes encoding for CBRs and that endocannabinoids may themselves induce epigenetic alterations [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: The Chemistry Of Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Medical Chemistry of the Cannabis Plant is Critical to Guiding Real World Clinical Evidence

et al. 2020

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While cannabis has been consumed for thousands of years, the medical-legal landscape surrounding its use has dramatically evolved over the past decades. Patients are turning to cannabis as a therapeutic option for several medical conditions. Given the surge in interest over the past decades there exists a major gap in the literature with respect to understanding the products that are currently being consumed by patients. The current perspective highlights the lack of relevance within the current literature towards understanding the medical chemistry of the products being consumed. The cannabis industry must rigorously invest into understanding what people are consuming from a chemical composition standpoint. This will inform what compounds in addition to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol may be producing physiologic/therapeutic effects from plant based extracts. Only through real-world evidence and a formalized, granular data collection process within which we know the chemical inputs for patients already using or beginning to use medical cannabis, we can come closer to the ability to provide targeted clinical decision making and design future appropriate randomized controlled trials.

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“…They bind to the two G-proteincoupled receptors that make up the endocannabinoid system, distributed throughout the brain. This system has been implicated in emotional learning and memory processing, both physiologically and pathologically [20]. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1 receptor) is involved in modulating various neuronal activities, such as synaptic transmission, while the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB 2 receptor) is mostly involved with immune response [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

Forsythe¹,

Boileau²

2021

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology

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Objectives Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a diagnosis of extreme anxiety caused by a traumatic event. Less than 10% of individuals who have experienced severe trauma will develop this disorder. Treatment options include various psychotherapies, but not all patients respond to them. Different pharmacological approaches have been explored as potential adjuvants, including using cannabinoids to target the endocannabinoid system to reduce the symptoms and enhance extinction training over the associated fear memories. This review was aimed to determine the effects of using cannabinoids for treatment of PTSD. Content For this review, four cohort studies, four randomized clinical trials, one case report, and one case series were obtained from PubMed within the last 10 years. Cannabis extracts, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids were used in the studies to target the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. Cannabinoids were shown to improve overall PTSD symptoms, including sleep quality and quantity, hyperarousal, and treatment-resistant nightmares. When participants were undergoing extinction training, cannabinoids given within the same time interval enhanced consolidation and retention. Summary and Outlook Cannabinoids have been shown to be an effective treatment option for patients with PTSD. Besides aiding to relieve the symptoms and enhance extinction training, they also are relatively well tolerated. Common adverse effects included light-headedness, forgetfulness, dizziness, and headaches.

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Endocannabinoid signaling and memory dynamics: A synaptic perspective

Cited by 23 publications

References 184 publications

Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity

Circulating fatty acids and endocannabinoidome-related mediator profiles associated to human longevity

Understanding the Medical Chemistry of the Cannabis Plant is Critical to Guiding Real World Clinical Evidence

Use of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder

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