Endobronchial tuberculosis—a review

Shahzad, Talha; Irfan, Muhammad

doi:10.21037/jtd.2016.12.73

Cited by 59 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…TBTB, which has non-specific manifestations, frequently develops before abnormalities appear on chest imaging, and the diagnosis and treatment of TBTB often lags behind, as10-20% of chest X-rays reveal no anomalies [6,16]. Furthermore, only 16-53% of cases have acid-fast bacillus positive sputum smears [9]. These factors may be partially responsible for the high prevalence of TBTB in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, 59.7% of TBTB patients had various degrees of tracheobronchial stenosis, most of which presented with mild airway narrowing but no or few other symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath). Tracheobronchial stenosis is considered the most common complication of TBTB [9]. The incidence of TBTB-related stenosis can be as high as 68% in the initial 4-6 months of the disease, and more than 90% of patients developed stenosis in the long term [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tracheobronchial stenosis is the most common complication of TBTB [9], and more than 90% of patients with TBTB may develop various degrees of stenosis even after adequate chemotherapy [10,11]. Refractory tracheobronchial stenosis and its related complications (e.g., pulmonary atelectasis, pneumonia, and hemoptysis) may eventually lead to a decline in pulmonary function, respiratory failure, or death.…”

Section: Incidence and Predictors Of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Predictors of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multicentre, Large-Scale and Prospective Study in Southern China

Cheng

et al. 2018

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Background: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have a high risk of concomitant tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), which commonly causes severe complications such as tracheobronchial stenosis. The prevalence and predictors of TBTB in China remain unclear due to the lack of prospective and large-scale studies. Objectives: To investigate the incidence of TBTB in PTB patients in southern China, and elucidate the predictors of TBTB and related tracheobronchial stenosis. Methods: We prospectively performed bronchoscopy in PTB patients to diagnose TBTB at four medical centres in southern China from September 2015 to August 2016. Clinical and epidemiological data were recorded and analysed to determine predictors of TBTB and related tracheobronchial stenosis. Results: A total of 345 (23.9%) of the 1,442 PTB patients undergoing bronchoscopy were diagnosed with TBTB. Female sex (OR 2.53), age < 50 years (OR 1.88), living in urban (OR 2.19), diabetes (OR 1.84), coughing (OR 2.61), and symptoms ≥4 weeks (OR 1.66) were predictors of PTB concomitant with TBTB. About 59.7% TBTB patients developed tracheobronchial stenosis, of which 23.3% cases presented severe airway narrowing. Female sex (OR 2.27), age < 50 years (OR 2.11), shortness of breath (OR 1.97), and symptoms ≥4 weeks (OR 1.71) were predictors of TBTB-related tracheobronchial stenosis. Conclusions: About 23.9% of PTB patients undergoing bronchoscopy present with TBTB in Guangdong province, southern China. Young and middle-aged females with symptoms persisting for ≥4 weeks (the main predictors of TBTB and related tracheobronchial stenosis) should receive bronchoscopy immediately when diagnosed with PTB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incidence and Predictors Of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Predictors of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multicentre, Large-Scale and Prospective Study in Southern China

Cheng

et al. 2018

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“…Similar to pulmonary TB, the four-drug regimen is the first line ATT treatment of EBTB for the duration of six months (8,9). There is controversy regarding the role of corticosteroids as adjunct therapy, however, some authors prefer to use these drugs in children or in EBTB with predominant hypersensitivity in its early stage (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 21-Year Old Male with Hemoptysis and Central Chest Pain

Khan

2018

Int J Infect

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Introduction: The diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) remains a diagnostic challenge due to its protean clinical presentation and absence of radiographic findings in 20% of the cases. In this report, we described a case of EBTB in a man who was presented to the emergency department with chest pain and hemoptysis. Case Presentation: A 21-year-old man who was presented to the emergency department with a 3-day hemoptysis and central chest pain. His past medical history was not remarkable. Chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy were performed and the lesion was biopsied; EBTB was confirmed based on histologic and microbiological evidences. A daily regimen of four-drug antitubercular therapy (ATT) was initiated and the patient was discharged home to follow tuberculosis clinic monthly. During the last follow-up visit, the patient did not show any symptoms and the repetition of the physical examination was not remarkable. Investigations showed a negative smear sputum, normal chest X-ray, and Normal Respiratory Function test. Conclusions: EBTB is a variant form of tuberculosis infection with a nonspecific clinical presentation and often, undetectable AFB in sputum smears. The lesion can be detected early by chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy, and the prognosis is good if the disease is confirmed and treated early.

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“…Although screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with prolonged cough is critical, the sputum smear to test for acid-fast bacillus has shown low sensitivity in detecting EBTB. (2) Hence, awareness of EBTB among patients with prolonged cough has an important diagnostic role.…”

Section: E T T E R T O T H E E D I T O Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on: Approaching chronic cough

Nguyen

2017

smedj

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Endobronchial tuberculosis—a review

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Incidence and Predictors of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multicentre, Large-Scale and Prospective Study in Southern China

Incidence and Predictors of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multicentre, Large-Scale and Prospective Study in Southern China

A 21-Year Old Male with Hemoptysis and Central Chest Pain

Comment on: Approaching chronic cough

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