Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Rare Presentation

Kassam, Nadeem; Aziz, Omar; Somji, Samina; Shayo, Grace A.; Surani, Salim

doi:10.7759/cureus.8033

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…reported another case that highlighted an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis, characterized by extensive atelectasis resulting from an endobronchial polypoid lesion. 11 These findings are consistent with the findings of our case report. Based on the patient's medical history, radiological imaging, and histopathological examination results, initiating anti‐tuberculous therapy was deemed appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as a mass cancer lesion: A rare case report and review of literature

Fatima,

Ahmed,

Akhtar

et al. 2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Key Clinical MessageDespite being generally treatable and preventative, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most common infectious agents that cause death. Misdiagnosis of TB frequently leads to unwarranted diagnostic procedures and postpones the start of treatment.AbstractPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can present with various unusual radiological and clinical characteristics. Misdiagnosis of TB frequently leads to unwarranted diagnostic procedures and postpones the start of treatment. Here, we describe a 50‐year‐old man who presented with a cancerous‐type lesion on radiological findings and atypical symptoms that led to an initial diagnosis of lung cancer. However, histopathology and biopsy of the lung lesion revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, confirming PTB as the true cause, with no further indications of malignancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Kassam, Nadeem M et al. reported another case that highlighted an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis, characterized by extensive atelectasis resulting from an endobronchial polypoid lesion 11 . These findings are consistent with the findings of our case report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as a mass cancer lesion: A rare case report and review of literature

Fatima,

Ahmed,

Akhtar

et al. 2024

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Steroids, on the other hand, are no longer useful in more advanced cases where significant fibrosis is present. Close monitoring is advised since stenosis can occur later despite anti-tuberculosis treatment with or without corticosteroids [21,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. There were 17 patients in the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoscopic Features and Morphology of Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Malaysian Tertiary Hospital Experience

Esa

Othman²,

Zim

et al. 2022

JCM

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The diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is difficult as it is not well visualized radiologically, and bronchoscopy is not routinely performed for tuberculosis (TB) patients. Bronchoscopic characterization via endoscopic macroscopic features can speed up the diagnosis of EBTB and prompt immediate treatment. In this study, we identified the clinical and bronchoscopic morphology of 17 patients who were diagnosed with EBTB from 2018 to 2020. Demographics, radiological, microbiological and histopathological data were recorded. Endobronchial lesions were classified according to Chung classification. The diagnosis was made based on a histopathological examination (HPE) of endobronchial biopsy, and/or positive ‘Acid-fast bacilli’ (AFB) microscopy/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture on microbiological examination of bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and/or positive MTB culture on endobronchial biopsy specimens. Furthermore, EBTB was predominant in young women, age 20 to 49 years old, with a male to female ratio of 1 to 2. Underlying comorbidities were found in 53% of the patients. Cough, fever and weight loss were the main symptoms (23.5%). The indications for bronchoscopy are smear-negative TB and persistent consolidation on chest radiographs. Consolidation was the main radiological finding (53%). An active caseating lesion was the main EBTB endobronchial subtype (53%). The leading HPE finding was caseating granulomatous inflammation (47%). All patients showed good clinical response to TB treatment. Repeated bronchoscopy in six patients post TB treatment showed a complete resolution of the endobronchial lesion. EBTB bronchoscopic characterization is paramount to ensure correct diagnosis, immediate treatment and to prevent complication.

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“…Diagnosing GTB poses a significant challenge due to its propensity to present with nonspecific symptoms, lacking pathognomonic signs[ 23 , 27 ]. Family history of TB may be absent, and concomitant pulmonary TB or past medical history of TB may not be present in all cases[ 28 ].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing and addressing the challenges of gastrointestinal tuberculosis

Kudu,

Danış

2024

World J Clin Cases

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In this editorial, we comment on the article by Ali et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases . This case report shed light on a particularly rare manifestation of this disease-primary gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GTB) presenting as gastric outlet obstruction. GTB presents diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptoms and lack of highly accurate diagnostic algorithms. This editorial synthesizes epidemiological data, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and therapies to raise awareness about GTB. GTB constitutes 1%-3% of all tuberculosis cases globally, with 6%-38% of patients also having pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis involves various modes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex entry into the gastrointestinal system, with the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve commonly affected. Clinical presentation varies, often resembling other intra-abdominal pathologies, necessitating a high index of suspicion. Diagnostic tools include a combination of biochemical, microbiological, radiological, and endoscopic assessments. Anti-tubercular medication remains the cornerstone of treatment, supplemented by surgical intervention in severe cases. Multidisciplinary management involving gastroenterologists, surgeons, pulmonologists, and infectious disease specialists is crucial for optimal outcomes. Despite advancements, timely diagnosis and management challenges persist, underscoring the need for continued research and collaboration in addressing primary GTB.

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Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Rare Presentation

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as a mass cancer lesion: A rare case report and review of literature

Pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as a mass cancer lesion: A rare case report and review of literature

Bronchoscopic Features and Morphology of Endobronchial Tuberculosis: A Malaysian Tertiary Hospital Experience

Recognizing and addressing the challenges of gastrointestinal tuberculosis

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