endo- to exo-Isomerization of dicyclopentadiene over zeolites

Catalytic isomerization and oligomerization of endo-dicyclopentadiene using alkali-treated hierarchical porous HZSM-5

“…5) and is different from the case of isomerization where Z5-70-0.5-1.0 is the most active. The isomerization and oligomerization mechanism is very complicated, it seems that both Lewis and Brönsted acids can catalyze the reaction (Nelson and Kuo 1975;Zou et al, 2012;Han et al, 2009;Kwak et al, 2014). Therefore the amount of accessible acid sites is very important for the isomerization and oligomerization reactions, and more mesopores can promote the oligomerization process.…”

“…Moreover, thermal reaction produces only endo-TCPD. Recent studies show that zeolite can not only catalyze the DCPD isomerization but also catalyze the cycloaddtion reaction Han et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2014). More importantly, the presence of catalyst leads to many exo-TCPD and even some [2þ2] adducts (Li et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2014), indicating that the catalytic oligomerization is specifically promising for high-density fuel synthesis.…”

“…Recently, we studied the one-step isomerization of endo-DCPD using acidic zeolites Han et al, 2009). First, commercial microporous zeolites were screened and the pore size was found to be very important in this reaction.…”

Synthesis of cyclopentadiene trimer (tricyclopentadiene) over zeolites and Al-MCM-41: The effects of pore size and acidity

“…However, the studies involving DCPD mostly investigated its polymerization [17][18][19] or its isomerization [20][21][22][23][24]. Comparatively, studies reporting the use of DCPD for synthesizing TCPD are rare.…”

Oligomerization of endo-dicyclopentadiene using a mesoporous catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

“…Exo-tetrahydrotricyclopentadiene (exo-THTCPD) has great potential as a highenergy-density-fuel (HEDF) for volume-limited aircrafts because it has higher energy density with an adequately low freezing point (density: 1.04 g/mL; volumetric energy content: 44.1 MJ/L; freezing point: \-40°C) [1][2][3][4]. Tricyclopentadiene (TCPD), a raw material for production of THTCPD, can be synthesized from a Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and clopentadiene (CPD) generated by the cracking of DCPD [5,6].…”