Endo-, Para-, and Ecodormancy: Physiological Terminology and Classification for Dormancy Research

Lang, Gregory A.; Early, J. D.; Martin, George C.; Darnell, Rebecca L.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.22.3.371

Cited by 615 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although widely used in phenology research, the classical definition of dormancy from Lang et al (1987), with a clear distinction between endodormancy and ecodormancy phases, does not seem to hold for the studied species. First, for Fagus, Quercus and Larix, we did not detect a true endodormancy phase as budburst was possible even without any chilling exposure, unlike the three other species.…”

Section: Dormancy As a Dynamic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The period in late autumn and winter during which growth is not possible regardless of temperature conditions has been commonly referred to as 'endodormancy', while 'ecodormancy' is the subsequent state in which buds are able to flush when sufficiently exposed to warm temperatures (Lang et al (1987); for an overview of the biochemical perspective see Anderson et al (2001)). For clarity's sake we hereafter use the term 'dormancy' whenever we refer to a general state of bud rest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chilled to be forced: the best dose to wake up buds from winter dormancy

et al. 2021

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Summary Over the last decades, spring leaf‐out of temperate and boreal trees has substantially advanced in response to global warming, affecting terrestrial biogeochemical fluxes and the Earth's climate system. However, it remains unclear whether leaf‐out will continue to advance with further warming because species’ effective chilling temperatures, as well as the amount of chilling time required to break dormancy, are still largely unknown for most forest tree species. Here, we assessed the progress of winter dormancy and quantified the efficiency of different chilling temperatures in six dominant temperate European tree species by exposing 1170 twig cuttings to a range of temperatures from −2°C to 10°C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 wk. We found that freezing temperatures were most effective for half of the species or as effective as chilling temperatures up to 10°C, that is, leading to minimum thermal time to and maximum success of budburst. Interestingly, chilling duration had a much larger effect on dormancy release than absolute chilling temperature. Our experimental results challenge the common assumption that optimal chilling temperatures range c. 4–6°C, instead revealing strong sensitivity to a large range of temperatures. These findings are valuable for improving phenological models and predicting future spring phenology in a warming world.

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Section: Dormancy As a Dynamic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chilled to be forced: the best dose to wake up buds from winter dormancy

et al. 2021

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“…In this study, we only used a model based on the sequential approach. These models are based on the fact that temperate tree species require a period of rest and a period of quiescence (Cannell and Smith 1983;Lang et al 1987). The first one is connected with physiological conditions, while, during the second one, the buds or flowers remain dormant until environmental conditions become favourable (Chuine et al 1999;Siniscalco et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling the pollen season start in Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa

Novara

Falzoi²,

Morgia

et al. 2016

Aerobiologia

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Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) are important sources of airborne pollen and represent an allergen threat during the flowering period. Researches on airborne pollen concentrations in both species are useful in allergology, as well as for fruit production for hazel. The aims of the present study were: (1) to investigate the relationships between environmental conditions and the airborne pollen concentration of hazel and black alder during the flowering period by correlation and multiple regression analysis and (2) to predict the pollen season start (PSS) by using a sequential model, in order to obtain a helpful tool in allergology and hazel cultivation. In this study, the applied method defines the pollen season as the period in which 90 % of the total season's catch occurred, using a data set of 18 years (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). The relationships between daily meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed) during the 14-day period that precedes the PSS and the PSS of hazel and black alder (day of the year) were investigated. The results showed that mean temperature and the number of rainy days before the PSS are the main factors influencing PSS for both taxa. Moreover, the chilling and heat needed to break dormancy were estimated in order to predict the PSS of both species. Different years and different thresholds of temperature and chill days were used to calibrate and validate the model. Keywords Black alder _ Chilling units _ Hazel _ Pollen season start _ Sequential models

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“…This paper summarizes the communicative burden presented by the current terminology, the evolution of the new terms, the universal classification system in which the terms are used, and the implications for future dormancy research. These topics are presented in greater detail elsewhere (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dormancy: A New Universal Terminology

Lang

1987

horts

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286

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Attempts to discuss the various aspects of plant dormancy can be bewildering due to the excessive number of nonphysiological, independent terms that have arisen over the years. In the context of field observations and orchard management, this terminology has often been adequate. However, in the complex realm of scientific description of the processes that constitute dormancy, the terminology has not been able to keep pace with physiological investigation. In 1985, a set of alternative terms, endodormancy, ectodormancy, and ecodormancy, were suggested to improve the situation (14). During the past 2 years, R. Darnell, J. Early, G. Martin, and I have reviewed the dormancy literature to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of new and previous terms. At various times, N. Arroyave, R. Biasi, R. Femandez-Escobar, G. Stutte, and others from around the world have contributed greatly to discussion and critical analysis of the requirements for a physiological nomenclature. In 1986, ectodormancy was replaced by paradormancy (16) due to the former’s spoken and written similarities to ecodormancy. This paper summarizes the communicative burden presented by the current terminology, the evolution of the new terms, the universal classification system in which the terms are used, and the implications for future dormancy research. These topics are presented in greater detail elsewhere (15).

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Endo-, Para-, and Ecodormancy: Physiological Terminology and Classification for Dormancy Research

Cited by 615 publications

References 25 publications

Chilled to be forced: the best dose to wake up buds from winter dormancy

Chilled to be forced: the best dose to wake up buds from winter dormancy

Modelling the pollen season start in Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa

Dormancy: A New Universal Terminology

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