Endo metabolomic profiling of flor and wine yeasts reveals a positive correlation between intracellular metabolite load and the specific glycolytic flux during wine fermentation

Abstract

This study explored the intracellular metabolic variations between 17 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae belonging to two different genetic populations: flor and wine yeasts, in the context of alcoholic fermentation. These two populations are closely related as they share the same ecological niche but display distinct genetic characteristics. A protocol was developed for intracellular metabolites extraction and 1H-NMR analysis. This methodology allowed us to identify and quantify 21 intracellular metabolites at two different fermentation steps: the exponential and stationary phases. This work provided evidence of significant differences in the abundance of intracellular metabolites, which are strain- and time-dependent, thus revealing complex interactions. Moreover, the differences in abundance appeared to be correlated with life-history traits such as average cell size and specific glycolytic flux, which revealed unsuspected phenotypic correlations between metabolite load and fermentation activity.