Endo-chitinase Chit33 specificity on different chitinolytic materials allows the production of unexplored chitooligosaccharides with antioxidant activity

Kidibule, Peter Elias; Santos-Moriano, Paloma; Plou, Francisco J.; Fernández-Lobato, María

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00500

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, this study stated that a higher degree of acetylation (DA) had high antioxidant action, while the DA of the adult and larval Colorado potato beetle was 82% and 76%, respectively ( Kaya et al, 2014 ). Additionally, no FRAP action was recorded in chitosan and colloidal chitin polymers derived from DNA fragmentation chitin from commercial shrimp shell ( Kidibule, Santos-Moriano, Plou, & Fernández-Lobato, 2020 ); nonetheless, hydrolysis of the polymers improved FRAP action between 77% and >90%. In comparison with this result, chitosan derived from C. barbarus and O. decorus displayed lower reactions of 33.51%, and 33.26% in DPPH scavenging activity at a concentration of 5 mg/mL ( Kaya, Bitim, et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Biological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Mohan¹,

Ganesan

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2020

Trends in Food Science & Technology

212

120

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Background Insects are a living resource used for human nutrition, medicine, and industry. Several potential sources of proteins, peptides, and biopolymers, such as silk, chitin, and chitosan are utilized in industry and for biotechnology applications. Chitosan is an amino-polysaccharide derivative of chitin that consists of linear amino polysaccharides with d -glucosamine and N-acetyl- d -glucosamine units. Currently, the chief commercial sources of chitin and chitosan are crustacean shells that accumulate as a major waste product from the marine food industry. Existing chitin resources have some natural challenges, including insufficient supplies, seasonal availability, and environmental pollution. As an alternative, insects could be utilized as unconventional but feasible sources of chitin and chitosan. Scope and approach This review focuses on the recent sources of insect chitin and chitosan, particularly from the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Dictyoptera, and Odonata orders. In addition, the extraction methods and physicochemical characteristics are discussed. Insect chitin and chitosan have numerous biological activities and could be used for food, biomedical, and industrial applications. Key findings and conclusions Recently, the invasive and harmful effects of insect species causing severe damage in agricultural crops has led to great economic losses globally. These dangerous species serve as potential sources of chitin and are underutilized worldwide. The conclusion of the present study provides better insight into the conversion of insect waste-derived chitin into value-added products as an alternative chitin source to address food security related challenges.

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Section: Biological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Mohan¹,

Ganesan

Thirunavukkarasu

et al. 2020

Trends in Food Science & Technology

212

120

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“…As an important functional oligosaccharide, chitosan has important physiological activities, including antibacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, and a lowering effect on serum glucose levels in diabetics . Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) are the depolymerization product of chitosan; they have low viscosity and complete water solubility, due to which they can enter the intestine directly and be utilized by the intestinal flora and have a good application effect. − COS has more significant biological properties, such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive . COS is also a non-digestible oligosaccharide with various structural features that can mimic toxin receptor structures, bind to toxins of harmful bacteria, and inhibit their adhesion, growth, or biofilm formation, thus blocking the pathogenicity of harmful bacteria directly or indirectly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9−11 COS has more significant biological properties, such as anti-microbial, 12 anti-oxidation, 13 anti-inflammatory, 14 and anti-hypertensive. 15 COS is also a non-digestible oligosaccharide with various structural features that can mimic toxin receptor structures, bind to toxins of harmful bacteria, and inhibit their adhesion, growth, or biofilm formation, thus blocking the pathogenicity of harmful bacteria directly or indirectly. 16 COS was shown to inhibit the adherence of ETEC to HEp-2 cells by more than 90%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Meng

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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This study was conducted to investigate how chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) affect the growth performance and immune stress response and to further explain their mechanisms. A total of 32 boars that were 28 days old and three-way weaned were randomly allotted to four equal groups [CON (basal diet) group, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, COS group, and COS*ETEC group]. The results showed that COS partially reversed the negative changes in the average daily gain and average daily feed intake caused by the ETEC challenge and thereby alleviated the increase in the feed conversion ratio. Dietary COS increased the villus length as compared with the CON group and improved the ileal morphological structure. Additionally, it increased the bacterial diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance and lowered the Firmicutes abundance and Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. COS treatment lowered the abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Anarovovrio in the intestines of piglets, while it increased Muribaculaceae_unclassified and Prevotella at the genus level. COS had a significant inhibitory effect on the increase in the relative expression abundance of STAT3 mRNA caused by ETEC. The IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNAs were found to be significantly lower in the COS, ETEC, and COS*ETEC groups as compared to the CON group. These results demonstrate that COS could be beneficial for improving the growth performance and attenuating ETEC-challenged intestinal inflammation via regulating microbiota and Th17/Treg balance-related immune signaling pathways.

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“…A related endo-chitinase from the same microorganism (Chit33) was expressed in Pichia pastoris and produced a mixture of fully and partially acetylated COS from different chitinolytic materials. In particular, the hydrolysis of chitosan yielded GlcN-(GlcNAc) 2 as the major product [56].…”

Section: Partially Acetylated Chitooligosaccharides (Pacos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

et al. 2021

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Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.

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Endo-chitinase Chit33 specificity on different chitinolytic materials allows the production of unexplored chitooligosaccharides with antioxidant activity

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

Dietary Chito-oligosaccharides Improve Intestinal Immunity via Regulating Microbiota and Th17/Treg Balance-Related Immune Signaling in Piglets Challenged by Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties

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