Endo‐ and Exotemplating to Create High‐Surface‐Area Inorganic Materials

Abstract

Porous and high-surface-area materials are of interest to many scientific communities. Templating pathways can be used to synthesize such materials with a high degree of control over their structural and textural properties. As templates molecular or supramolecular units are added to the synthesis mixture. They are occluded in the growing solid and leave a pore system after their removal. For such templates the term "endotemplate" is introduced. Alternatively, the templates can be materials with structural pores in which another solid is created, thus providing a scaffold for the synthesis. After removal of the scaffold, a porous or finely divided solid remains, depending on the connectivity of the template. Such a template is termed an "exotemplate". By judicious choice of the templating procedure, unprecedented control of the structure and texture on length scales between nanometers and micrometers has been achieved over the last few years.

Template-Based Synthesis of Nanoporous Hydroxyapatite

“…Surfactant-templated mesoporous materials have some specific features such as high surface areas and high adsorption capacities including the uniformity and periodicity of tunable mesopores [9][10][11], which are widely applicable to adsorbents and catalytic supports [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Coexistence of Two Kinds of Fluorinated Hydrogenated Micelles as Building Blocks for the Design of Bimodal Mesoporous Silica with Two Ordered Mesopore Networks

“…Porous materials have found wide applications in many fields of chemistry such as catalysis, adsorption, electronics and environmental technology because of their high surface area coupled with many other physical and chemical properties [1][2][3][4][5] . Recently, there has been a rapid growth in emerging research areas such as nanotechnology, photonics and bioengineering, which require porous structures with well-defined structural, interfacial, compositional and morphological properties.…”

Lyotropic liquid crystal directed synthesis of nanostructured materials

“…The templates are divided into hard templates and soft templates. Hard templates usually include silica [12], anodic aluminum oxide [13][14][15] and mesoporous carbon [16][17][18][19][20]. The soft templates have received more attention over the last decade for the generation of nanostructured materials [21,22], because they are more versatile and therefore more advantageous than hard templates.…”