Ending violence in childhood: a global imperative

Kumar, Ankit; Stern, Vivien; Subrahmanian, Ramya; Sherr, Lorraine; Burton, Patrick; Guerra, Nancy G.; Muggah, Robert; Samms‐Vaughan, Maureen; Watts, Charlotte; Mehta, Soumya Kapoor

doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1287409

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It will be important to ensure that HIV-positive adolescents access services for violence prevention and response, without exposing families to dual stigma. However, new initiatives such as kNOw Violence and the Global Partnership to End Violence against Children's INSPIRE package provide important opportunities for advocacy, evidence-building and multiagency collaboration [ 17 , 76 ]. Sustainable Development Goal 17 promotes integration between goals, and these findings demonstrate the importance of ending violence against children (SDG 16) for the promotion of HIV healthcare (SDG 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) Africa region, home to 80% of HIV-positive adolescents also has the world's highest rates of violence against children and adolescents [ 16 ]. Violence exposure takes place within a range of settings and includes physical, psychological/verbal, and sexual violence, [ 17 ]. Most adolescents live at home, whereas some are exposed to abusive caregivers or relatives and witness domestic violence between adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa

Cluver

Meinck

Toska

et al. 2018

Aids

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Objectives:HIV-positive adolescents have low-ART adherence, with consequent increased risks of mortality, morbidity, and viral resistance. Despite high rates of violence against children in the Africa region, no known studies have tested impacts on HIV-positive adolescents. We examine associations of ART adherence with adolescent violence victimization by caregivers, teachers, peers, community members, and healthcare providers.Design and methods:HIV-positive adolescents were interviewed (n = 1060), and clinic biomarker data collected. We sampled all 10–19-year olds ever ART-initiated within 53 clinics in 180 South African communities (90.1% reached). Analyses examined associations between nonadherence and nine violence types using sequential multivariate logistic regressions. Interactive and additive effects were tested with regression and marginal effects.Results:Past-week self-reported ART nonadherence was 36%. Nonadherence correlated strongly with virologic failure (OR 2.3, CI 1.4–3.8) and symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis (OR 1.49, CI 1.18–2.05). Four violence types were independently associated with nonadherence: physical abuse by caregivers (OR 1.5, CI 1.1–2.1); witnessing domestic violence (OR 1.8, CI 1.22–2.66); teacher violence (OR 1.51, CI 1.16–1.96,) and verbal victimization by healthcare staff (OR 2.15, CI 1.59–2.93). Past-week nonadherence rose from 25% with no violence to 73.5% with four types of violence exposure.Conclusion:Violence exposures at home, school, and clinic are major and cumulating risks for adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence. Prevention, mitigation, and protection services may be essential for the health and survival of HIV-positive adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa

Cluver

Meinck

Toska

et al. 2018

Aids

Self Cite

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“…The main proximal risks for violence against children are diverse (Shiva Kumar et al, 2017) and apply across all levels of children’s social ecologies see Table 2. That most of the risks are social serves as a reminder that violence against children is a problem of social relations and of unequal power.…”

Section: Episodic Violence Against Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and ending violence against children: A holistic approach.

Wessells¹,

Kostelny²

2021

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Violence against children is a pervasive problem that affects approximately half of the world's children each year, imposing heavy burdens of physical, psychological, and social suffering on them. People who are known to children-including family members-are among the main perpetrators of violence against children. This article analyzes how violence against children is a significant problem of peace, and it uses some of the main peace analytic concepts to illuminate the origins of violence against children and the likely means of preventing and ending it. Using a social ecological framework, the article first outlines the scale and the diverse forms of episodic violence against children at different levels. Next, it examines how structural and cultural violence against children undergird and, in turn, are supported by episodic violence against children. The article then examines current global efforts to end violence against children through a peace psychological lens. Although the analysis finds much of value, it points out how current efforts to end violence against children are too narrow, Western dominated, low on sustainability, and prone to causing unintended harm. Finally, the article discusses how work on ending violence against children would benefit from a holistic, multidisciplinary approach, focusing more on the interplay of episodic, structural, and cultural violence and on positive peace. Public Significance StatementGlobally, human well-being and peace are shattered by widespread physical, psychological, and sexual violence against children at levels ranging from the family to the international levels. The direct violence is undergirded and supported by structural and cultural violence against children. Although most efforts to end violence against children focus on direct violence, this paper argues in favor of a more holistic approach that addresses the intersections of direct, structural, and cultural violence.

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“…The data used was produced by a survey conducted among primary school children in the province of Tonkolili in Sierra Leone. This is particularly relevant due to the lack of studies regarding school violence based on children’s views and voices (Leach, 2006; Pells and Morrow, 2017; Shiva Kumar et al , 2017). Surveys with pupils have already been used as a tool to assess violence in schools at all levels of education (GEMR, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing experiences with violence and peace in primary schools in Sierra Leone

Capistrano

Sloan

Symonds

et al. 2022

JACPR

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the construction of two composite indices to assess children’s experiences with violence and peace in primary schools in Sierra Leone. Design/methodology/approach The authors provide a conceptual framework based on the three dimensions of the violence index (direct, structural and cultural violence) and the three dimensions of the positive peace index (inclusion, citizenship and well-being). After that, this work proposes an operationalisation of these concepts based on a survey administered with 2,000 pupils and examine the correlates of the indices. Findings Results indicate not only a substantial level of violence among the sampled schools but also a considerable level of positive peace. These indices are negatively correlated, suggesting that lower levels of violence are related to higher levels of positive peace. Further analysis also shows that socioeconomic variables and school characteristics such as headteacher experience and teacher qualification are associated with levels of violence and peace. Finally, based on longitudinal evidence, this study also indicates that the prevalence of violence is a significant predictor of reading development among children. Originality/value The indicator presented is the first to combine children’s experiences with violence and experiences with positive peace in schools. It is a unique contribution to the measurement of school outcomes that are usually overlooked in the literature.

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Ending violence in childhood: a global imperative

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa

Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa

Understanding and ending violence against children: A holistic approach.

Assessing experiences with violence and peace in primary schools in Sierra Leone

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