Endemic Goiter in the Cauca Valley: I. Results and Limitations of Twelve Years of Iodine Prophylaxis<sup>1</sup>

Gaitán, Eduardo; Hw, Wahner; Correa, Pelayo; R, Bernal; Jubiz, William; Je, Gaitan; Llanos, Gabriela Castellanos

doi:10.1210/jcem-28-12-1730

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It seems to coincide with trends for breast and colon carcinomas. The observed decrease in incidence of follicular carcinoma was predicted previously 22 and may reflect the end of the epidemic of endemic goiter brought about by iodine addition to table salt 4 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The Cali survey therefore intended to fill the vacuum on information about cancer frequency in Colombia. The results of the survey were published in national and international medical journals [3][4][5] . They revealed high rates for cancer of all sites combined, driven in men by gastric cancer and in women by carcinoma of the uterine cervix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Bravo

Collazos²,

Collazos³

et al. 2012

Colomb Med

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The Population-based Cancer Registry of Cali aims to report all new cases in permanent residents within the limits of the city of Cali. Time trends of cancer incidence and mortality are described. The registry has been in continuous operation for 50 years. Methods: Cancer cases reports are obtained actively by visiting all sources of information: hospitals, pathology departments, hematology laboratories, radiotherapy centers, government offices where death certificates are processed and physician’s offices. It is estimated that the reporting is at least 95% complete. Results: Drastic decreases are documented in rates for tumors causally related to infectious agents, especially cancers of the uterine cervix and the stomach. Gradual increases are documented in rates of tumors linked to affluence and the metabolic syndrome, especially cancers of the colon and the female breast. An unexpected increase in the incidence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in women is reported. Tobacco-related cancers, especially cancer of the lung, showed marked increase in incidence rates around 1970, apparently the beginning of an epidemic similar to the one reported in Western societies. But the increase in incidence stopped around 1980, resulting from a strong anti-smoking campaign launched in Colombia in the 1970s. Conclusions: The findings have influenced prevention strategies implemented by public health authorities, specially the establishment of a city-wide program to prevent cervix cancer via widespread use of vaginal cytology and anti-smoking campaigns. Also, new population-based cancer registries have been established in other Colombian cities as well as in Ecuador.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Bravo

Collazos²,

Collazos³

et al. 2012

Colomb Med

Self Cite

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“…The situation is complicated by other factors. Exogenous goitrogens [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] , such as cassava 9,16 , may lead to goiter, either by potentiating a mild iodine deficiency or autonomously. Vegetables from the genus Brassica may release thiocyanate, a well-known goitrogen [11][12][13][15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Goiter - an update

Koutras¹

2002

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“…The percentage frequency distribution of goiter in endemic areas, whether nutritional iodine deficiency exists [3,6] or has been corrected [37,40], is similar for males and females until puberty, but with progression of age it becomes considerably greater in females. Thus, sex is an important factor in the persistence of goiter after the fourth decade of life, when nodular goiters already account for most of them.…”

Section: Iodine As a Most Important Variable In Incidence And Clinica...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders

1991

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The primary role of iodine deficiency in goitrogenesis and the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation is firmly established. Unfortunately, implementation of iodine prophylaxis programs has met with considerable technical and socioeconomic difficulties. Besides, lack of knowledge concerning some of the other causative factors of endemic goiter has prevented development of appropriate measures for its complete eradication in those areas where goiter persists in spite of prolonged and adequate iodine supplementation. At present, no less than 5% of the world's population have goiters and associated disorders, resulting in a public health and socioeconomic problem of major proportions. Seventy-five percent of people with goiter live in less developed countries where iodine deficiency is prevalent. Goiter prevalence rates of more than 50% and the highest frequency of severe cases of iodine deficiency disorders, namely, cretinism, congenital hypothyroidism, and various degrees of impairment of growth and mental development are found in endemic areas with extreme iodine deficiency. Goiters are usually multinodular and of very large size, producing, on occasion, signs of compression that require surgery. Recurrence rates are as high as 25-30% and second surgery accounts for 16% of all thyroidectomies. Unfortunately, most of these goiters occur in areas with highly restricted medical and surgical facilities. Twenty-five percent of people with goiters live in more developed countries where goiter continues to occur in certain areas despite iodine prophylaxis. Iodine-sufficient goiters are associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid carcinoma. Goiter is of considerable surgical significance in iodine-sufficient endemic areas and, to a lesser degree, in nonendemic areas where it is called "sporadic" goiter. Recurrence rates of iodine-sufficient goiter are 10-19% following thyroidectomy. Since most of these goiters grow by mechanisms other than increased thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation, treatment with suppressive doses of L-thyroxine is inefficient and, because of possible complications, not recommended. Although Graves' hyperthyroidism is not directly related to endemic goiter, it does relate adversely with ingestion or administration of iodine. At present, Graves' disease is treated with 131I or antithyroid drugs in more than 90% of the cases. The incidence rates of papillary, follicular, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas appear to be related to endemic goiter and iodine supplementation, with surgery being required in essentially all of these cases.

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Endemic Goiter in the Cauca Valley: I. Results and Limitations of Twelve Years of Iodine Prophylaxis¹

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Endemic Goiter - an update

Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders

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Endemic Goiter in the Cauca Valley: I. Results and Limitations of Twelve Years of Iodine Prophylaxis1

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Trends of cancer incidence and mortality in Cali, Colombia. 50 years experience

Endemic Goiter - an update

Endemic goiter and endemic thyroid disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Endemic Goiter in the Cauca Valley: I. Results and Limitations of Twelve Years of Iodine Prophylaxis¹