Endemic canine and feline histoplasmosis in El paso, Texas

Kabli, Saleh A.; Koschmann, James R.; Robertstad, Gordon W.; Lawrence, Jody; Ajello, Libero; Redetzke, Keith A.

doi:10.1080/02681218680000051

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…in Japan. Although a surgical excision was effective on canine cases [7,14] and two human cases [45,46], the procedure was not suitable for case 2 and simultaneously produced a severe aggravation of both carcinoma and histoplasmosis. A background of immunosupression was suspected in case 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in Japan

Murata¹,

Sano²,

Ueda³

et al. 2007

Med Mycol

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A recent case of canine histoplasmosis, the first confirmed case of disseminated infection accompanied by carcinoma in Japan, was diagnosed by clinical characteristics, histopathological examination, chest radiographs, ocular fundoscopy and molecular biological data. The clinical manifestations were not limited to cutaneous symptoms but were referable to disseminated infection, similar to human autochthonous cases. The partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/2) regions of the ribosomal DNA genes of this and other Japanese canine histoplasmosis strains were 99-100% identical to the sequence AB211551 derived from a human isolate in Thailand, and showed a close relationship to the sequences derived from Japanese autochthonous systemic and cutaneous human cases. The phylogenetic analysis of 97 sequences of the ITS1/2 region disclosed six genotypes. The genotypes derived from Japanese autochthonous human and dog cases belonged to the cluster consisting of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. farciminosum sequences, indicating that these varieties might cause not only cutaneous but also systemic histoplasmosis, regardless of their host species. The current status of the 3 varieties of Histoplasma capsulatum according to the host species remains a subject of further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we did not evaluate the dog's CD4 and CD8 levels. Taking the clinical state of the dog into account euthanasia might be the inevitable option, which should be considered in moribund cases [6,8,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in Japan

Murata¹,

Sano²,

Ueda³

et al. 2007

Med Mycol

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“…3 A microendemic region for H. capsulatum was identified in El Paso, Texas, and systemic histoplasmosis was diagnosed in 2 indoor cats from central California, both of which are geographic regions with hot, dry conditions unfavorable for survival of this fungal agent. 11,12 The raccoons described in the present report were found in the San Francisco Bay Area; while the source of their exposure cannot be established, it is reasonable to assume that due to their young age at capture they were exposed within that vicinity. Contact may have occurred before rescue in which case these animals may have seeded the housing unit with contagious fungal spores, or contact might have originated in the soil within the housing unit although no previously raised raccoons showed signs of illness.…”

Section: Research-article2014mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2,3,8,25 However, evidence of infection in nonendemic regions of H. capsulatum has been reported. 3,11,12,24 A retrospective cohort study of persons >65 years of age determined that 11% of histoplasmosis patients surveyed had no exposure to endemic geographic regions for H. capsulatum prior to disease development. 3 A microendemic region for H. capsulatum was identified in El Paso, Texas, and systemic histoplasmosis was diagnosed in 2 indoor cats from central California, both of which are geographic regions with hot, dry conditions unfavorable for survival of this fungal agent.…”

Section: Research-article2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated histoplasmosis in two juvenile raccoons (Procyon lotor) from a nonendemic region of the United States

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Two 6-month-old raccoon kits, which had been rescued and fostered in preparation for return to the wild, became acutely ill and died 3 weeks before scheduled release. At necropsy, the kits had grossly enlarged livers and spleens, diffusely consolidated lungs, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Histologically, extensive infiltrates of macrophages containing yeast organisms were identified in lung, liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, intestinal tissues, brain, adrenal gland, bone marrow, and thymus of both animals. Histiocytic inflammation with accompanying fibrosis was widespread, with necrotic foci evident in lungs, spleen, and intestinal sections. Fungal organisms were observed on sheep blood agar plates; however, repeated subcultures to fungal media designed to induce conidial structures for fungal identification were unsuccessful. Partial DNA sequencing of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of the blood agar isolate identified 100% homology with Ajellomyces capsulatus (anamorphic name Histoplasma capsulatum). The kits were rescued and fostered in the San Francisco Bay area and it is likely that the exposure to H. capsulatum occurred in this area. Histoplasma sp. infection in wild mammal species is often used as an indication of spore contamination of a geographic region. Northern California is not known to be an endemic region for H. capsulatum, which is not a reportable disease in this state. The presence of severe, disseminated disease and the need for molecular identification associated with the isolate from a nonendemic region identified in the present report may indicate genetic adaptation and altered characteristics of this agent and may warrant further investigation.

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“…Inhalation of the mycelial forms, which are sometimes found in soil contaminated with bat and bird excretions, leads to a local infection in the lung, with a subsequent haematogenous spread to other organs . Sometimes the skin is also affected . Although affected individuals can be asymptomatic, infections may also be severe and fatal, particularly in patients that are immunosuppressed or exposed to a large inoculum of the fungus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%