Endangered species management and climate change: When habitat conservation becomes a moving target

Abstract

As climate conditions continue to shift, species assemblages and composition within ecological communities may be reshuffled in unpredictable ways. Some habitat types may cease to exist while others may expand in size; protecting ecosystems and species in their current locations will become increasingly difficult. Threatened and endangered species are likely to be disproportionately affected by climate change because they are often habitat specialists and relatively rare. In the United States, the 1973 Endangered Species Act has prevented the extinction of many species. The identification and conservation of critical habitat is an important tool for species preservation. But how do we designate and preserve habitat for protected species when we are unsure about future habitat conditions? We address this question based upon the concept of managing for anticipated change, rather than focusing on the maintenance of existing conditions. We used an ecological niche modeling program (MaxEnt) to model current and future climatic niche for an endangered mammal endemic to southern California, USA; the Stephens' kangaroo rat (SKR, Dipodomys stephensi). Our results indicate that the climatic niche of SKR was governed primarily by precipitation during the dry season, precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature, and mean summer temperature. Projecting current species-presence relationships to different scenarios predicted for the future revealed substantial loss in climatic niche with increased emission rates. Areas of future suitable climatic niche were evaluated in relation to land ownership and identified as potential reserves or translocation sites, which can aid in conservation planning for this species. Additionally, species vulnerability assessments and a climate-change analysis tool were utilized to demonstrate how overall understanding of climate change effects can be enhanced. Information presented here can serve as guiding principles for the inclusion of climate change considerations into management plans, and can better inform overall decision-making related to endangered species management. Ó

Defining relictual biodiversity: Conservation units in speckled dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley ecosystem

“…They are particularly important in regions containing multiple narrowly endemic species, as those rare and sympatric can suffer unintentional consequences through a strict species‐centric approach (Casazza et al., 2016). Importantly, climate change impacts are also relevant for ecosystem conservation (Prober, Doerr, Broadhurst, Williams, & Dickson, 2019; Wilkening, Pearson‐Prestera, Mungi, & Bhattacharyya, 2019).…”

Defining Relictual Biodiversity: Conservation Units in Speckled Dace (Cyprinidae:Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley Ecosystem

“…They are particularly important in regions containing multiple narrowly endemic species, as those rare and 604 sympatric can suffer unintentional consequences through a strict species-centric approach (Casazza et al, 2016). Importantly, climate change impacts are also relevant for ecosystem 606 conservation (Prober, Doerr, Broadhurst, Williams, & Dickson, 2019;Wilkening, Pearson-Prestera, Mungi, & Bhattacharyya, 2019). 608…”

Evaluation of Shifts in the Potential Future Distributions of Carcharhinid Sharks Under Different Climate Change Scenarios

“…Despite the possible impacts of climate change on shark distribution and their ecological importance and economic value, information on elasmobranch fish remains scarce (Rosa et al, 2014;Davidson and Dulvy, 2017). Knowledge of potential distribution shifts under different scenarios could support scientists and decision makers in the development of appropriate strategies to reduce climate change impacts on biodiversity through actions of early intervention, such as the design of potential protection areas that could become zones of suitable habitat under future climatic conditions (Bellard et al, 2012;Pacifici et al, 2015;Wilkening et al, 2019). The aim of this study was to use ecological niche modeling to evaluate potential changes in the global geographic distribution areas of the 25 carcharhinid sharks that inhabit Mexican waters, considering the climate change scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 for the year 2050.…”