Endangered leopards: Range collapse of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in Southeast Asia

Rostro‐García, Susana; Kamler, Jan F.; Ash, Eric; Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben; Gibson, LG; Lynam, AJ; McEwing, Ross; Naing, Hla; Paglia, S

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.001

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, poaching is clearly a major threat driving large mammal decline in the tropics (Benítez‐López, Santini, Schipper, Busana, & Huijbregts, ). For example, lack of clouded leopard detections in Vietnam is consistent with similar findings for leopards ( P. pardus ; Rostro‐García et al., ), tigers ( P. tigris ; Lynam & Nowell, ; Goodrich et al., ) and non‐ Panthera felids in this country (Willcox et al., ). Given that our study highlights the importance of large protected areas for clouded leopard conservation, it is possible that the small size of Vietnam's protected areas, coupled with habitat loss and poaching, may have exacerbated Neofelis extirpation there (Willcox et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Macdonald

Bothwell

Kaszta

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Macdonald

Bothwell

Kaszta

et al. 2019

Diversity and Distributions

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“…Given the newly recognized concern regarding status of the leopard in Southeast Asia, knowledge of its behavioral interactions with its major prey, and with tigers, is critical for efforts to conserve this species. An earlier study on the ecology of leopards in Southeast Asia (Simcharoen et al, 2018) was conducted in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (HKK), Thailand, which supports the largest populations of leopards and tigers in the region (Kenney et al, 2014;Rostro-García et al, 2016). Recent studies of leopard and tiger diets report a high degree of dietary overlap at several sites in South Asia (Lovari, 2015;Selvan et al, 2013) and also at our study site in HKK (Simcharoen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Given that both leopards and tigers are threatened across Southeast Asia and that their largest populations occur in WEFCOM, research at HKK contributes to the understanding of interspecies dynamics between these two large felids. There is no clear evidence of tigers reducing the density of leopards or altering activities in HKK, but in response to widespread interference competition by tigers toward leopards elsewhere, and the increasing decline of leopards in Southeast Asia (Rostro-García et al, 2016), managers need a conservation strategy that encompasses threats to both species. Unfortunately, rigorous field studies on the behavioral dynamics of carnivores and their prey are exceedingly difficult (Garrott et al, 2007) and the difficulty is compounded where two large predators with overlapping diets occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we focus on a population of Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri), which is found in Southeast Asia and southern China. Rostro-García et al (2016) report that this subspecies now occurs in only 6.2% of its historical range in Southeast Asia, and that only seven viable populations remain: three in Myanmar, one in Cambodia, one in Malaysia and two in Thailand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

et al. 2019

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Despite their extensive distribution globally, recent reports indicate leopards are declining, especially in Southeast Asia. To support conservation efforts we analyzed the behavioral interactions between leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey, and tigers to determine if leopards fine-tune their activity to maximize contact with four prey species (sambar; wild boar; barking deer; banteng) and avoid tigers and if prey alter their temporal activity in response to variation in their relative abundance ratio with leopards. A lower density of sambar in the northern part of our study area and a lower density of wild boar and a higher density of tigers in the southern part allowed us to examine fine-grained differences in the behavior of leopards and their prey. We used camera trap data to investigate spatial and temporal overlap. Differences in tiger relative abundance did not appear to impact the temporal activity of leopards. Leopards had similar cathemeral activity at all sites with highest activity at dawn and dusk. This behavior appears to be a compromise to provide access to diurnal wild boar and barking deer and nocturnal sambar and banteng. Sambar showed higher temporal avoidance of leopards in the north where its RAI was lowest; in contrast, wild boar had the highest temporal avoidance in the south where its density was lowest. This is the first study in Southeast Asia to quantify spatial and temporal interactions between the leopard, its primary ungulate prey, and the tiger. It provides new insights for conserving this declining subspecies.

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“…Human persecution and hunting [e.g. [10][11][12], habitat destruction [e.g. [13][14][15] and reduced prey availability [16,17] have severely impacted the distribution of this elusive predator, and leopards are now extinct in large parts of their historic Asian and African distribution ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations

Paijmans

Barlow

Foerster

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: Resolving the historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) is a complex issue, because patterns inferred from fossils and from molecular data lack congruence. Fossil evidence supports an African origin, and suggests that leopards were already present in Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. Analysis of DNA sequences however, suggests a more recent, Middle Pleistocene shared ancestry of Asian and African leopards. These contrasting patterns led researchers to propose a two-stage hypothesis of leopard dispersal out of Africa: an initial Early Pleistocene colonisation of Asia and a subsequent replacement by a second colonisation wave during the Middle Pleistocene. The status of Late Pleistocene European leopards within this scenario is unclear: were these populations remnants of the first dispersal, or do the last surviving European leopards share more recent ancestry with their African counterparts?Results: In this study, we generate and analyse mitogenome sequences from historical samples that span the entire modern leopard distribution, as well as from Late Pleistocene remains. We find a deep bifurcation between African and Eurasian mitochondrial lineages (~710 Ka), with the European ancient samples as sister to all Asian lineages (~483 Ka). The modern and historical mainland Asian lineages share a relatively recent common ancestor (~122 Ka), and we find one Javan sample nested within these. Conclusions:The phylogenetic placement of the ancient European leopard as sister group to Asian leopards suggests that these populations originate from the same out-of-Africa dispersal which founded the Asian lineages. The coalescence time found for the mitochondrial lineages aligns well with the earliest undisputed fossils in Eurasia, and thus encourages a re-evaluation of the identification of the much older putative leopard fossils from the region. The relatively recent ancestry of all mainland Asian leopard lineages suggests that these populations underwent a severe population bottleneck during the Pleistocene. Finally, although only based on a single sample, the unexpected phylogenetic placement of the Javan leopard could be interpreted as evidence for exchange of mitochondrial lineages between Java and mainland Asia, calling for further investigation into the evolutionary history of this subspecies.

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Endangered leopards: Range collapse of the Indochinese leopard (Panthera pardus delacouri) in Southeast Asia

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

Historical biogeography of the leopard (Panthera pardus) and its extinct Eurasian populations

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