End Stage Renal Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

Naicker, Saraladevi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804311-0.00014-5

Cited by 111 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…High blood pressure has consistently been shown to be been associated with decreased eGFR in prior studies from SSA . Due to the lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity (compared to developed countries), hypertension is relatively more important than these other factors as a risk factor for kidney disease in our region . Of note, diabetes mellitus was not associated with decreased renal function but this may have been due to both the low prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the fact that, in this community survey, we may have identified study subjects who had not had diabetes long enough to develop nephropathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Schistosomiasis could be an important cause of kidney disease in our region , and we have already demonstrated a strong association between kidney disease and schistosomiasis in Tanzanian children . Post‐infectious glomerulonephritis is also thought to be one of the leading causes of kidney disease among adults in SSA , although data are lacking. Traditional herbal medicine use is also common in SSA, and some traditional herbs are nephrotoxic .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Risk factors for kidney disease in SSA are also poorly described and may differ from those in the United States and Europe , and between urban and rural areas . Infectious risk factors for kidney disease remain common in SSA, particularly in rural areas . Non‐infectious risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity are now becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in urban areas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non‐infectious risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity are now becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in urban areas . Better understanding of risk factors for kidney disease in sub‐Saharan Africa is critical for planning clinical trials and improving services .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Decreased renal function and associated factors in cities, towns and rural areas of Tanzania: a community‐based population survey

Peck

Harling

Kavishe

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesData on renal dysfunction in sub‐Saharan Africa, comparing urban and rural areas, have not yet been reported. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of low estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) in urban and rural Tanzania, to describe factors associated with low eGFR and to quantify fractions attributable to common risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a community‐based survey of 1095 randomly selected Tanzanian adults (≥18 years). A structured questionnaire and examinations were used to document sociodemographic characteristics, diet, physical activity, anthropomorphic measurements and blood pressure. Blood tests were performed for HIV infection, diabetes mellitus and creatinine. eGFR was calculated using two equations recommended for African adults.ResultsSerum creatinine was available for 1043 participants: 170 in Mwanza city, 326 in district towns and 547 in rural areas. Mean age was 35.5 years and 54% were females. The prevalence of eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in these 3 strata was 2.3% (95% CI = 0.8–6.6%), 7.5% (4.7–11.8%) and 7.4% (5.1–10.6%), respectively. When age standardised to the WHO world population, prevalences were 3.8%, 10.1% and 8.1%. Factors associated with low eGFR included district town residence, older age, greater wealth, less physical activity and hypertension. Only 21% of cases with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were attributable to HIV, hypertension or diabetes.ConclusionsDecreased renal function is common in Tanzania, particularly in district towns, and unique risk factors for kidney disease may exist in this population. Population‐specific strategies for prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease are needed for Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased renal function and associated factors in cities, towns and rural areas of Tanzania: a community‐based population survey

Peck

Harling

Kavishe

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…It is expected that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, currently estimated to be 6% to 16%, will increase dramatically. 52 In sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension is a leading cause of CKD. Hypertension is the cause of 25% of the ESRD in Senegal, 29.8% in Nigeria, 45.6% in South Africa, and 48.7% in Ghana, especially in black patients.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations – An International Perspective

Correa‐Rotter

García-García

Iñiguez

et al. 2015

Chronic Renal Disease

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Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross‐sectional study

Ofori

Adekena

Boima

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aim Adipocytes secrete a peptide hormone called leptin, which plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Alterations in leptin concentrations are associated with CKD‐related cardiovascular problems such as hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Despite the link, data on the precise function of leptin in people with CKD and HHD is scant. Methods An observational cross‐sectional study involving a total of 108 participants (72 CKD patients with HHD and 36 healthy controls). Their demographic and anthropometric information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Certain clinical measures such as blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, creatinine, and leptin. Data were analyzed with SPSS v23. Results Leptin, FPG, creatinine and triglyceride levels were all significantly higher in CKD patients with HHD compared to controls ( p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, advanced CKD status (being in stage 5), having a 6‐year diagnosis of HHD, being female, having a higher BMI, and elevation in levels of HDL and FPG contributed significantly to the variance in serum leptin levels in the case group ( β = 0.37, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.27, 0.28; p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, the female gender had the biggest unique effect on circulating leptin levels, followed by BMI and eGFR ( β = 0.71, 0.34, −0.22; p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Patients with CKD who also had HHD reported considerably higher circulating leptin levels. Significantly higher blood leptin levels were shown to be associated with CKD stage 5 in the case group. These results are consistent with the role of leptin in the metabolic complexity seen in CKD patients. There needs to be more research into treatments that aim to lower leptin levels in CKD patients with HHD.

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End Stage Renal Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 111 publications

References 69 publications

Decreased renal function and associated factors in cities, towns and rural areas of Tanzania: a community‐based population survey

Decreased renal function and associated factors in cities, towns and rural areas of Tanzania: a community‐based population survey

Ethnicity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations – An International Perspective

Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross‐sectional study

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