“End‐stage” Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sarcoidosis

Teirstein, A.; Morgenthau, Adam S.

doi:10.1002/msj.20090

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding is similar to that seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis, where the disease is less common in smokers, but when it occurs, it is more fibrotic [71,72]. Fibrosing pulmonary sarcoidosis has been reviewed previously [73][74][75].…”

Section: Clinical Phenotypessupporting

confidence: 82%

Clinical phenotypes in sarcoidosis

Pereira

Dornfeld²,

Baughman³

et al. 2014

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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Section: Clinical Phenotypessupporting

confidence: 82%

Clinical phenotypes in sarcoidosis

Pereira

Dornfeld²,

Baughman³

et al. 2014

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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“…6,16 Further, in those with evident progression, it is not known if the clinical course is one of continuous or intermittent decline. There is no evidence that treatment in the acute phase of disease prevents progression to chronic sarcoidosis, or that immunosuppression alters the development or the course of sarcoidosis-associated PF.…”

Section: Clinical Findings In Sarcoidosis-associated Pfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical and immunologic features of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis

Patterson¹,

Hogarth²,

Husain³

et al. 2012

Translational Research

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, granulomatous disease that most often affects the lungs. The clinical course is highly variable; many patients undergo spontaneous remission, but up to a third of patients progresses to a chronic disease course. The development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a subset of patients with chronic disease has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality. While sarcoidosis-associated PF can be progressive, it is often referred to as “burnt out” disease, a designation reflecting inactive granulomatous inflammation. The immune mechanisms of sarcoidosis-associated PF are not well understood. It is not clear if fibrotic processes are active from the onset of sarcoidosis in predisposed individuals, or whether a profibrotic state develops as a response to ongoing inflammation. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an important profibrotic cytokine, and in sarcoidosis, distinct genotypes of TGF-β have been identified in those with PF. The overall cytokine profile in sarcoidosis-associated PF has not been well characterized, although a transition from a T helper 1 to a T helper 2 signature has been proposed. Macrophages have important regulatory interactions with fibroblasts, and the role of alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis-associated PF is a compelling target for further study. Elucidating the natural history of sarcoidosis-associated PF will inform our understanding of the fundamental derangements, and will enhance prognostication and the development of therapeutic strategies.

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“…Finally, FDG-PET is also a valuable tool for assessing residual activity in patients with fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis [68,69], contributing to disease monitoring and treatment response evaluation. Interestingly, FDG-PET is also able to detect recurrent sarcoidosis in transplanted lungs [70].…”

Section: Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

PET/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives

et al. 2016

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Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is an established diagnostic modality that has become an essential imaging tool in oncological practice. However, thanks to its noninvasive nature and its capability to provide physiological information, the main applications of this technique have significantly expanded. 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly used radiopharmaceutical for PET scanning and demonstrates metabolic activity in various tissues. Since activated inflammatory cells, like malignant cells, predominantly metabolise glucose as a source of energy and increase expression of glucose transporters when activated, FDG-PET/CT can be successfully used to detect and monitor a variety of lung diseases, such as infections and several inflammatory conditions.The added value of FDG-PET/CT as a molecular imaging technique relies on its capability to identify disease in very early stages, long before the appearance of structural changes detectable by conventional imaging. Furthermore, by detecting the active phase of infectious or inflammatory processes, disease progression and treatment efficacy can be monitored. This review will focus on the clinical use of FDG-PET/CT in nonmalignant pulmonary diseases. @ERSpublications PET/CT is an imaging modality that could play a role in evaluation of inflammatory and infectious lung diseases

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“End‐stage” Pulmonary Fibrosis in Sarcoidosis

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical phenotypes in sarcoidosis

Clinical phenotypes in sarcoidosis

The clinical and immunologic features of pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis

PET/CT in nononcological lung diseases: current applications and future perspectives

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