End Scraper Morphology and Use-Life: An Approach for Studying Paleoindian Lithic Technology And Mobility

Morrow, Juliet E.

doi:10.1080/01977261.1997.11754534

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The frequency of residential moves structures how groups stay supplied with tools and raw materials in anticipation of future needs, and thus more residentially mobile groups tend to exhibit greater economization of raw materials to overcome periods where raw material availability is unpredictable [50]. As a result, there is often greater reduction intensity (the amount of use prior to discard) among stone tools (particularly scrapers) and cores with an increased distance from their source, demonstrated for Late Pleistocene-Holocene foragers in Eurasia, North America, Australia, Africa and elsewhere [50,[54][55][56][57]. We test this hypothesis for cores and retouched tools (points, backed microliths and endscrapers) from Nasera, examining temporal trends in artefact size and the ratio of local : non-local raw materials for both cores and tools.…”

Section: (Iii) Artefact Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A demographic perspective on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition from Nasera rockshelter, Tanzania

Tryon

Faith

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Increased population density is among the proposed drivers of the behavioural changes culminating in the Middle to Later Stone Age (MSA–LSA) transition and human dispersals from East Africa, but reliable archaeological measures of demographic change are lacking. We use Late Pleistocene–Holocene lithic and faunal data from Nasera rockshelter (Tanzania) to show progressive declines in residential mobility—a variable linked to population density—and technological shifts, the latter associated with environmental changes. These data suggest that the MSA–LSA transition is part of a long-term pattern of changes in residential mobility and technology that reflect human responses to increased population density, with dispersals potentially marking a complementary response to larger populations. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Major transitions in human evolution’.

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Section: (Iii) Artefact Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A demographic perspective on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition from Nasera rockshelter, Tanzania

Tryon

Faith

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Ahler 1989;Austin 1997;Bradbury and Carr 1999;e.g. Bradley 1975;Flenniken 1981;Newcomer 1971;Odell 1989;Patterson 1982Patterson , 1990Patterson and Sollberger 1978;Shott 1996;Stahle and Dunn 1984;Steffen et al 1998;Baulmer and Downum 1989;Bradbury 1998;Bradbury and Carr 1999;Morrow 1997;Prentiss 1998;Prentiss and Romanski 1989;Root 1997;Shott 1994;Sullivan and Rozen 1985). Unfortunately, these analyses generally fail to demonstrate that the stages followed experimentally were those followed in the creation of the archaeological assemblage (as might be demonstrated through refitting for example) (Hiscock 1988;Newcomer 1975:98;Schindler et al 1984), or that the debitage resulting from each step can be reliably identified in archaeological contexts.…”

Section: Modelling Flake Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view sees production strategies as rarely involving a simple linear sequence of activities with predictable results, but rather an "expanding array of alternatives defined by intervening options and outcomes" (Bleed 1991:20). Others still have used sequence models to expose the non-reality of essentialist typologies by demonstrating the existence of underlying morphological continuums (Clarkson 2002a(Clarkson , 2005Attenbrow 2002, 2003;Morrow 1997). Bleed (2001) sees different approaches to sequence modelling as falling into one of two categories, which he calls 'teleological' and 'evolutionary'.…”

Section: Reduction Sequence Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithics in the land of the lightning brothers : The Archaeology of Wardaman Country, Northern Territory

Clarkson¹

2007

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terra australis 25Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present.Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for South-East Asia and blue for the Pacific Islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. List of volumes in Terra AustralisVolume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Volume 3 6.7. Cores found at quarries associated with lancet flakes. Note the large amounts of cortex on both cores, the cortical platform on one (A) and the single conchoidal scar on the platform of the other (B). 92 6.8. Conjoined quartzite cores and lancet flakes from A: a quarry near Wynbarr waterhole (Site 17), B and C: a quarry near Garnawala 2. Illustration C shows the actual conjoined core, while A and B show reconstructions of the original nodules and the series of flake removals taken as a slice through the centre of the platform. 93 6.9. Graphs showing the mean and standard deviations for changes in various aspects of scraper morphology as reduction intensity increases, as measured using Kuhn's GIUR or % perimeter retouched. A: mean retouched edge angle, B: % step terminated retouch, C: % perimeter retouched, D: curvature of the retouched edge, and E: % with notches. 96 6.10. Graphic depiction of changes to the frequency and evenness with which retouch is distributed across eight segments as retouch increases. 97 6.11. A reduction model for scrapers from Wardaman Country. A-C: increasing reduction. 98 6.12. Graphs showing the selection of a restricted range of flake shapes for scraper manufacture. A: marginal angle and elongation, and B: marginal angle and cross-section. 100 6.13. Changes in the morphology of points over the reduction sequence. A and B: changes in weight, and C: changes in the % of perimeter retouched. 103 6.14. Changes in point cross-section measured in two ways. A: lateral cross-section (width:thickness ratio), and B: longitudinal cross-section (length:thickness ratio). ForewordAlthough Chris Clarkson journeyed to the remote Victoria River region of the Northern Territory to investigate the prehistoric past, it is not the exotic location of the s...

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“…Meltzer 2009. Sur les premiers Américains, voir, entre autres, Dillehay 2000, Haynes 2002, Goebel et al 2008, Bradley et al 2010, Meltzer 2009et Perrot-Minnot 2013b archéologique, ni aucun type d'artefact (si l'on excepte Trinidad), n'ont pu être irréfutablement attribués aux temps paléoindiens dans les Antilles ; ainsi, les pointes de projectiles bifaciales (Figure 2) et les grattoirs unifaciaux paléoindiens (Morrow 1997) . Cette hypothèse est confortée par la distribution des pointes du type Queue de Poisson en Amérique Centrale ; on s'aperçoit en effet que dans l'isthme, ce type de pointe, très représenté en Amé-rique du Sud, est surtout associé à la façade Atlantique 32 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Le peuplement initial des Antilles

Perrot-Minnot¹

2015

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Si l’on excepte le cas de l’île de Trinidad, en raison de son caractère continental, les occupations humaines les plus anciennes des Antilles ont été découvertes dans les Grandes Antilles. Elles datent d’une période qui a été qualifiée de « Lithique » ou de « Paléoindienne », dans le système chrono-culturel conçu par Irving Rouse, mais que nous avons préféré désigner sous le nom d’Archaïque Ancien (6500-4000 BP). Leur matériel archéologique a été rattaché, par Rouse, à la tradition Casimiroïde. Il comprend un outillage de pierre qui a suscité des comparaisons avec des complexes archaïques du Belize et du nord-ouest du Venezuela ; il nous semble que les analogies entre les industries macrolaminaires du Belize et des Antilles sont particulièrement significatives, et qu’elles pourraient désigner le lieu d’origine des premiers Antillais. Les raisons qui ont pu pousser des groupes humains à coloniser l’archipel sont difficiles à déterminer, mais sont sans doute à rechercher dans les bouleversements économiques et sociaux qui ont affecté les sociétés de la période Archaïque. En tout cas, certains indices archéologiques font présumer que l’établissement de l’homme dans les Antilles s’est accompagné d’une rupture de l’ordre social en vigueur sur le continent, et de changements profonds et durables dans l’organisation des sociétés

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End Scraper Morphology and Use-Life: An Approach for Studying Paleoindian Lithic Technology And Mobility

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

A demographic perspective on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition from Nasera rockshelter, Tanzania

A demographic perspective on the Middle to Later Stone Age transition from Nasera rockshelter, Tanzania

Lithics in the land of the lightning brothers : The Archaeology of Wardaman Country, Northern Territory

Le peuplement initial des Antilles

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