End of moderation: the radicalization of AKP in Turkey

Bashirov, Galib; Lancaster, Caroline

doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1461208

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…intensified when the EU turned its focus from verbal commitments to the actual implementation of political reforms (Kubicek, 2011). For many observers, the crackdown against civil society groups, the media, and peaceful protesters during Istanbul's Gezi Park protests in 2013 provided a clear indication that Turkey was regressing (Esen and Gumuscu, 2016;Bashirov and Lancaster, 2018). Esen andGumuscu (2016: p. 1590), however, claim that the Freedom and Justice Party (AKP)…”

Section: Comparisons To Other Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT Dataset

et al. 2021

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* The ERT framework and dataset is the outcome of several years of collaborative work. The original conceptual foundation was created by Lindberg in the ERC grant application funding the project. Maerz, Edgell, and Wilson are the lead authors while Hellmeier contributed the section on conflict research and supported the data curation. All co-authors made valuable contributions on each aspect during the process, with overall supervision by Lindberg.

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Section: Comparisons To Other Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT Dataset

et al. 2021

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“…The period since about 2010 has in fact seen a backsliding towards "electoral authoritarianism" (Kaya 2015, 63). Increasing repression of civil and political dissent came to the fore with the state's crushing response to the Gezi Park protests in 2013 which "had challenged AKP's pursuit of hegemonic grip over Turkish society" (Bashirov andLancaster 2018, 1220).…”

Section: Contemporary Turkey's Hybrid Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Dual agent of transition: how Turkey perpetuates and challenges neo-patrimonial patterns in its post-Soviet neighbourhood

Frahm

Hoffmann

2020

East European Politics

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As hybrid regimes persist, we need to better understand their behaviour in international affairs. Concentrating on business actors, we use a qualitative study of Turkey's foreign relations with Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine in the period 2014-2018 to explore how hybrid regimes disseminate regime-related principles. Inspired by the concepts of neo-patrimonialism and limited access orders, we argue that hybrid regimes lack cohesion and cannot compel all relevant actors to disseminate a coherent set of regime-related principles. Depending on their domestic environment, Turkish actors transmit both neo-patrimonial closure and competitive openness, which makes Turkey's hybrid regime a dual agent of transition.

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“…Embracing the notions of democracy and human rights helped the younger generation Islamists who founded the AKP to reframe their image, gain the support of the EU and those segments of society other than their traditional base (Bashirov and Lancaster 2018).…”

Section: Europeanisation: 2002-2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise of transactionalism in international relations: evidence from Turkey’s relations with the European Union

Bashirov

Yilmaz

2019

Australian Journal of International Affairs

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This paper's main objective is to explain the concept of transactionalist foreign policy in detail and to demonstrate how it applies to a real-world case in Turkish foreign policy towards the EU under the AKP rule. We define transactionalism as a foreign policy approach that favours bilateral to multilateral relations, focuses on short-term wins rather than longer-term strategic foresight, adheres to a zero-sum worldview where all gains are relative and reciprocity is absent, rejects value-based policymaking, and does not follow a grand strategy. This paper also provides a new layer to the existing periodisation of AKP's EU policy through framing the EU as 'a foreign policy actor' in Turkey-EU relations. Scholars divide Turkey's EU policy under the AKP government into three broad periods: Europeanisation, selective Europeanisation and De-Europeanisation. We complement this literature by adding another layer of analysis that focuses on Turkey's foreign relations in its broader region, including the EU, and argue that Turkey's relations with the EU were characterised by the zero-problems doctrine during the selective Europeanisation period, and by civilisational competition with the EU during the de-Europeanisation period, and by transactionalism since 2016.

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End of moderation: the radicalization of AKP in Turkey

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT Dataset

A Framework for Understanding Regime Transformation: Introducing the ERT Dataset

Dual agent of transition: how Turkey perpetuates and challenges neo-patrimonial patterns in its post-Soviet neighbourhood

The rise of transactionalism in international relations: evidence from Turkey’s relations with the European Union

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