End‐of‐Life Treatment of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Chlorinated Polyethylene by Dehydrochlorination in Ionic Liquids

Glas, Daan; Hulsbosch, Joris; Dubois, Philippe; Binnemans, Koen; Vos, Dirk De

doi:10.1002/cssc.201300970

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Glas et. al also found that for a stearate stabilized PVC (like the one used in this study) the stabilizer has only a minor effect under these harsh conditions, since the rate of de-hydrochlorination is now only slightly affected by the presence of heat stabilizer 20 . In a previous paper, we have shown that the thermal stability of PVC plasticized with dioctyl phthalate (DOP), whose effectiveness is well known owing to the good solvent ability toward PVC, is very similar to that of neat PVC 21 .…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In a recent paper 20 , Glas et al used several ILs (different to those used in this study) to study the de-hydrochlorination of PVC for recycling purposes. Although the IL concentration these authors used was much higher than that used in our work (PVC was generally 5wt% of the PVC-IL mixture), they found that the onset temperature for de-hydrochorination of un-stabilized PVC was lower for a phosphonium rather than a nitrogen containing IL because of the higher swelling ability of the former.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dual functional ionic liquids on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

Lorenzetti

Choi

Roso

et al. 2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Effect of dual functional ionic liquids on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)Alessandra Lorenzetti M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractThe short-term thermal stability of PVC on addition of functional ionic liquids (ILs) based on phosphonium and pyridinium cations, and a docusate anion, was studied using FTIR, TGA-MS and TGA-FTIR. The thermal stability of PVC plasticized with these ILs is reduced and the activation energy for thermal degradation for the first step of PVC degradation lowered, relative to neat PVC. This feature is not dependent on the thermal stability of the IL itself, as their addition to neat PVC did not result in increased thermal stability of the resin. Analysis of the gases evolved during thermal degradation showed that there is no variation in the mechanism of PVC degradation in the presence of ILs, the only difference observed is that HCl is evolved at lower temperatures for PVC-ILs samples. The ILs had no effect on the second step of the thermal degradation of PVC. The decrease in the thermal stability of PVC-ILs is associated with two different effects: firstly, the anion weakens the C-H bond while the cation forms complexes and weakens the C-Cl bond; second, the IL interaction with the polymer chains partly substitutes the interaction between the polymer chain and heat stabilizers (e.g. stearates) added to the PVC compound. In this way, the latter tends to be expelled from the bulk polymer, thus not being available for PVC stabilization at high temperature. Heat stabilizer migration is related to the solvating power of the ILs: the higher the solvating power, the higher the migration of heat stabilizer, the lower the thermal stability of the polymer.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dual functional ionic liquids on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

Lorenzetti

Choi

Roso

et al. 2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…[159] Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based wastes emanate significantly hazardous byproducts of HCl, Cl 2 , and organochlorine compounds. [160][161][162] Interestingly, product derived from recycled plastic results in energy savings of 50-60% compared to that made from fresh resin. [163] Besides conventional conversion techniques, transfiguration of polymers into carbonaceous materials via controlled carbonization has proven to be an effective way of valorizing waste polymer into high-value carbon.…”

Section: Waste Polymer-derived Carbon As Supercapacitor Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors in the Light of Solid Waste and Energy Management: A Review

Dutta

Mahanta

Banerjee

2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Supercapacitors store electrical energy on the basis of electrostatic attraction between opposite charges as a result of the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at the electrolyte/electrode interface. Carbon-derived materials are commonly used to fabricate supercapacitor electrodes owing to their high electrical conductivity, high capacitance, excellent porosity, good electrochemical stability, and large specific surface area. [131-136] Predominantly, these materials include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon spheres, hollow carbon spheres, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), etc. [62,137-145] Nevertheless, they fail to demonstrate the desirable performance in practical applications after a certain threshold owing to their short durability and low energy density. Although, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be better electrode candidates in certain aspects, [142,143,146-148] however, these materials incur high cost, low yield of porous carbon, high consumption of metallic nitrate, [62] and hence higher waste generation. Due to the rising concerns of waste production and its management and hence the need for sustainable and cheap resources, reusing and/or converting waste from various sources such as industrial, agricultural, food, and spent electronic devices efficiently into usable carbon has attracted much interest since recently.

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“…251,252 Glas et al described a process for the end-oflife treatment of PVC that demonstrated how the use of [P 4444 ]Cl allowed the dehydrochlorination and/or dissolution of the chlorinated polymers poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE). 253 Swelling and shrinking photoresponsive phosphonium-based ionogel microstructures were investigated by Lopez and co-workers. It was found that the [P 66614 ][NTf 2 ] ionogel allowed the highest degree of swelling.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%