End-of-life tire management: a critical review

Dabić-Miletić, Svetlana; Šimić, Vladimir; Karagöz, Selman

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16263-6

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Tires are one of the main sources of microplastics [1], so the recycling of end-of-life tires is an urgent task. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in tire recycling and the most studied methods of treatment being pyrolysis and ground crumb rubber production [2]. It is known that tires are composite materials, which, in addition to rubber itself, contain other components, including textile cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Polyester Tire Cord Glycolysis Accompanied by Rubber Crumb Devulcanization

et al. 2022

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A new method for the recycling of a polyester tire cord under the action of oligoethylene terephthalates, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate and ethylene glycol has been proposed. The method involves simultaneous homogeneous glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate and devulcanization of crumb rubber. Polyester cord and glycolysates were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The devulcanization process was investigated by swelling-based methods. The rate of the proposed method of homogeneous glycolysis in a melt phase was proved to be higher than one of the heterogeneous glycolysis. The assumption of a more efficient devulcanization in the presence of a softener was also confirmed. The degree of devulcanization 46.07%, the apparent degree of swelling 167.4%, and the apparent swelling rate constant 0.0902 min−1 were achieved. The results indicate that the proposed method made it possible to carry out the glycolysis of the polyester cord of the tire more deeply than the known heterogeneous glycolysis with various agents, but further research is needed for industrial implementation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Polyester Tire Cord Glycolysis Accompanied by Rubber Crumb Devulcanization

et al. 2022

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“…The dumping of waste tires, along with microrubber emission resulting from tire abrasion, pose a severe threat, to the natural environment. [146][147][148][149] Due to their high hydrocarbon content, waste tires constitute an energy source for energy-intensive industries as well as feedstock for fuels, chemicals, and plastics based on renewable carbon. [150,151] Plant fibers, wood flour, cellulose, chitin, and numerous other biopolymers are utilized as components of wood plastic compounds, biocomposites, and fiber-reinforced composites that have lower weights and higher calorific values than plastics containing mineral fillers and glass fibers.…”

Section: Bio-based Plastics Extracted From Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

Schirmeister

Mülhaupt

2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero‐waste and carbon‐neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco‐friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco‐efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio‐feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed‐loop recovery of virgin plastics and open‐loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability.

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“…Consequently, each member state of the EU had developed its regulations for its operations [ 26 ]. This in turn leads to the development of three different systems: extended producer responsibility (EPR), tax system, and free market system [ 28 ]. Amongst the three systems, the EPR system which requires the producers or importers to bear the responsibility for waste-tire recycling is adopted in most of the member states in the EU [ 28 ].…”

Section: Legislation Framework and Regulations On Rubber Waste Manage...mentioning

confidence: 99%

4R of rubber waste management: current and outlook

Leong

Lee

Koh

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Excessive accumulation of rubber waste necessitates the need to revisit the effectiveness of the existing rubber waste management system. This review provides an overview of the legislative frameworks, techniques, challenges, and trends of rubber waste management in various countries. The 4R (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover) framework applied in waste management system in some countries appears to be viable for the processing of rubber waste. Certain countries especially some of the European Union (EU) members have implemented extended producer responsibility (EPR) system to manage the collection of rubber waste, particularly used tires. The processing of rubber waste in each level of the 4R hierarchy was then discussed, with detailed elaboration on the most practiced ‘R’, recycling which encompasses the direct recycling of products, as well as material recycling via physical and/or chemical means. The challenges faced in the implementation of rubber waste management system in different countries were highlighted and recommendations for a more sustainable rubber consumption were provided at the end of this review.

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End-of-life tire management: a critical review

Cited by 59 publications

References 142 publications

Investigation of Polyester Tire Cord Glycolysis Accompanied by Rubber Crumb Devulcanization

Investigation of Polyester Tire Cord Glycolysis Accompanied by Rubber Crumb Devulcanization

Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy

4R of rubber waste management: current and outlook

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