Encystment in the Hypotrichous Ciliate <i>Paraurostyla weissei</i>: Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry1

Delgado, Pilar; Calvo, P.; Torres, Antonio

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03142.x

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Works in progress of our laboratory support this idea; none of the cystic precursors appearing in the cytoplasm (granules or vacuoles), as described in hypotrichous ciliates (Oxytricha fallax [12], Pleurotricha [21], Gastrostyla steinii [32], Laurentiella acuminata [13], Oxytricha bifaria [31], Paraurostyla weissei [5]) are found during the encystment of Euplotes muscicola. In contrast, it seems that the synthesis of chitino-proteic microfibrils should take place at the plasmic membrane level, according to the process observed in arthropodial cuticles [10].…”

Section: Morphology -mentioning

confidence: 83%

Ultrastructural localization of chitin in the cystic wall of Euplotes muscicola Kahl (ciliata, hypotrichia)

Greco

Bussers

Daele

et al. 1990

European Journal of Protistology

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Section: Morphology -mentioning

confidence: 83%

Ultrastructural localization of chitin in the cystic wall of Euplotes muscicola Kahl (ciliata, hypotrichia)

Greco

Bussers

Daele

et al. 1990

European Journal of Protistology

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“…Oxytrichid ciliates show the highest number of cyst layers (Calvo et al 1983, Delgado et al 1987, Gutiérrez et al 2003. The cyst wall of R. quadrinucleata is composed Taxonomic classification of the species to the class and family *Description of surface cyst of B. truncatella by Beers (1948) and Foissner (1993).…”

Section: Resting Cysts Of a Soil Ciliate 87mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on transmission electron microscopy analysis, the surface ornamentation of R. quadrinucleata belongs to "spines" and are generated by ectocyst lamellae. The ectocyst origin of surface ornamentations are typical for Paraurostyla weissei by Delgado et al (1987), Steinia sphagnicola by Foissner et al (2007), Pleurotricha sp. by Matsusaka (1976) and Oxytricha bifaria [now accepted as Stylonychia bifaria (Stokes, 1887) Berger, 1999] by Verni et al (1984).…”

Section: Resting Cysts Of a Soil Ciliate 87mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

Benčaťová

Tirjaková²

2017

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Abstract. This is the first detailed study on the morphology of the resting cysts of an oxytrichid ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata. Resting cysts were investigated using light microscopy, SEM and TEM. The cyst wall is composed of four distinct layers (from inside to outside), namely the metacyst, the endocyst, the mesocyst and the ectocyst with spine-like protuberances. The cysts of R. quadrinucleata belong to the kinetosome-resorbing (KR) type, which is typical for oxytrichids. The processes of encystation and excystation were observed only in the light microscopy. During the encystation process, the trophic cell changes in shape and volume due to dehydration, four macronuclear nodules fuse into a compact mass, the ciliature is resorbed and cyst wall is formed. The most significant feature is surface ornamentation and yellowish color of resting cysts. We also focuse for the first time on excystation process of R. quadrinucleata. We identified two excystation modes: (i) standard and (ii) rare mode. The beginning of both excystation is characterised by the formation of excystation vacuole which helps the excysting cell to break the cyst wall. The specimen regenerates within a thin, flexible membrane. During the standard mode, the cell leaves the resting cyst in the membrane that is resorbed in the environment. During the rare mode, the excystation vacuole and the pressure of the regenerating cell break the transparent membrane that remains in the resting cyst. The results suggest that not only ciliate resting cysts, but also the excystation process is much more variable than what literature data indicate.

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“…It has been concluded that oxytrichids have four layers in their cyst wall, and that euplotids have two layers, and that urostylids have three layers (Walker et al 1975;Rios et al 1985;Delgado et al 1987). The wall of resting cysts is composed of ectocyst, mesocyst, endocyst, and granular layers in A. cf.…”

Section: The Cyst Wall and Macronucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

The differentiation of cellular structure during encystment in the soil hypotrichous ciliateAustralocirruscf.australis(Protista, Ciliophora)

Sun

Fan

et al. 2016

Animal Cells and Systems

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Ciliates are able to form resting cysts as a survival strategy in response to stressful environmental factors. Studies on the characteristics of cellular structure during encystment may provide useful information for further understanding of the regulatory mechanism of cellular patterns and supply new clues regarding the phylogeny of ciliates. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies were used to observe the ultrastructure of cells during encystment of the soil ciliate Australocirrus cf. australis. The dedifferentiation of ciliature was revealed for the first time. Ciliary shafts first shortened, and the remaining ciliature, including basal bodies and the fibrillar cirral basket, retracted into the cytoplasm and was surrounded by the autophagic vacuoles and then gradually digested. A large number of autophagic vacuoles were observed in mature resting cysts. Autophagy might not only be necessary for the differentiation of cellular structures during encystment but might also be important to sustain the basic life activities in the resting stage. Australocirrus cf. australis formed a kinetosome-resorbing cyst and contained four layers in the cyst wall: the ectocyst, mesocyst, endocyst and granular layer. The ciliature resorbing state and the number of layers in the cyst wall were consistent with those found in other oxytrichous ciliates. However, the phenomenon wherein the two macronuclear nodules are not fused during encystment is not commonly observed among oxytrichids. Additionally, the octahedral granules in the mesocyst of this species exhibit different morphology from the congeners. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Encystment in the Hypotrichous Ciliate Paraurostyla weissei: Ultrastructure and Cytochemistry1

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Ultrastructural localization of chitin in the cystic wall of Euplotes muscicola Kahl (ciliata, hypotrichia)

Ultrastructural localization of chitin in the cystic wall of Euplotes muscicola Kahl (ciliata, hypotrichia)

A Study on Resting Cysts of an Oxytrichid Soil Ciliate, Rigidohymena quadrinucleata (Dragesco and Njine, 1971) Berger, 2011 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), Including Notes on its Encystation and Excystation Process

The differentiation of cellular structure during encystment in the soil hypotrichous ciliateAustralocirruscf.australis(Protista, Ciliophora)

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