Encyclopedia of Malaria

Marie, Amandine D.; Drame, Papa M.; Poinsignon, Anne; Noukpo, Herbert; Doucouré, Souleymane; Cornélie, Sylvie; Remoué, Franck

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8757-9

2014

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8757-9

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Encyclopedia of Malaria

Amandine D. Marie

Papa M. Drame²,

Anne Poinsignon

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 90 publications

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“…However, factors inducing a weakening of the immune system frequently lead to a short-term increase in the number of parasites in the blood (i.e. recrudescence or relapse) 41 , which occurs in most of the haemosporidian species during the breeding season of the vertebrate hosts and facilitates the infection of vectors and the transfer of infection to offspring 1 . Another factor that may interfere with haemosporidian parasitemia is the sex of the host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a multistate occupancy approach to determine molecular diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting avian haemosporidian infections

Rodrigues

Massara

Bailey

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The use of a sensitive and accurate parasite detection methodology is crucial in studies exploring prevalence of parasites in host populations or communities, and uncertainty in identifying parasite genera and/or lineages may limit the understanding of host-parasite interactions. Here, we used a multistate occupancy approach that accounts for imperfect detection to assess whether sex and breeding season influenced the prevalence of a specific Haemoproteus lineage (TARUF02) in a whitelined tanager population. Likewise, we explored whether the probability of detecting the target parasite in an infected bird using PCR and sequencing analyses may be influenced by season and host sex. We found little evidence that sex influenced the probability of an individual host being infected by a haemosporidian parasite. Conversely, we found that the probability of infection by Haemoproteus TARUF02 was ~30% higher during the breeding season, reflecting a higher prevalence of this parasite in this season. the probability that pcR detects DnA of haemosporidian parasite was higher for female birds, suggesting that they are more prone to be parasitized with parasitemia levels that are more successfully detected by molecular analysis. Sequencing successfully determined the Haemoproteus TARUF02 lineage in 60% of samples collected during the breeding season and 84% of samples collected during the non-breeding season. Understanding the ecology of hosts and aspects of their physiology that may influence the parasite infection is essential to better understanding of hemoparasite infections and how parasites influence their native hosts, through decreasing reproductive success, lifespan, and/ or survival. One of the most common parasites of wild birds are haemosporidians, vector-borne protozoans that infect several host species worldwide. Haemosporidians of the genera Haemoproteus are divided into two subgenera that differ in their vectors and vertebrate hosts. The subgenus H. (Haemoproteus) is transmitted by louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and infects birds of the Order Columbiformes 1 as well as seabirds of the orders Suliformes 2-4 and Charadriiformes 4. The subgenus H. (Parahaemoproteus) is transmitted primarily by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) 1 and infects birds of various orders and families 1. These parasites are closely connected to their hosts with impacts ranging from sublethal effects on the fitness of the host to the decline and extinction of populations 5-8. They can exert important selective pressure on the hosts through effects

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a multistate occupancy approach to determine molecular diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting avian haemosporidian infections

Rodrigues

Massara

Bailey

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Impact of Drug Pressure versus Limited Access to Drug in Malaria Control: The Dilemma

Egwu

Obasi²,

Aloke

et al. 2022

Medicines

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Malaria burden has severe impact on the world. Several arsenals, including the use of antimalarials, are in place to curb the malaria burden. However, the application of these antimalarials has two extremes, limited access to drug and drug pressure, which may have similar impact on malaria control, leading to treatment failure through divergent mechanisms. Limited access to drugs ensures that patients do not get the right doses of the antimalarials in order to have an effective plasma concentration to kill the malaria parasites, which leads to treatment failure and overall reduction in malaria control via increased transmission rate. On the other hand, drug pressure can lead to the selection of drug resistance phenotypes in a subpopulation of the malaria parasites as they mutate in order to adapt. This also leads to a reduction in malaria control. Addressing these extremes in antimalarial application can be essential in maintaining the relevance of the conventional antimalarials in winning the war against malaria.

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Encyclopedia of Malaria

Cited by 2 publications

References 90 publications

Using a multistate occupancy approach to determine molecular diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting avian haemosporidian infections

Using a multistate occupancy approach to determine molecular diagnostic accuracy and factors affecting avian haemosporidian infections

Impact of Drug Pressure versus Limited Access to Drug in Malaria Control: The Dilemma

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