Encrypted body-to-body wireless sensor node employing channel-state-based key generation

Torre, Patrick Van; Castel, Thijs; Rogier, Hendrik

doi:10.1109/eucap.2016.7481769

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The mutual information shared with Eve is, in all scenarios, significantly lower than the mutual information between legitimate parties Alice and Bob. This implies that, even when the MI equals (maximally) 0.266 as in outdoor scenario 3, Eve is not able to estimate one secret bit that is shared by Alice and Bob [8]. Therefore, the unique received RSS sequences at Alice and Bob are proven very suitable for secret key generation for both indoor and outdoor WBANs.…”

Section: Mutual Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSS-based secret key generation for indoor and outdoor WBANs using on-body sensor nodes

Castel

Torre

Rogier

2016

2016 International Conference on Military Communications and Information Systems (ICMCIS)

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Abstract-Given that the market of wearables is in so-called hypergrowth mode, more and more of these on-body devices will interact with each other. These body-to-body, device-to-device links should not only provide reliable but also secure communication of personal user data. Therefore, we have analyzed the potential of using the unique reciprocal body-to-body channel between two legitimate parties, to create a high-level security key that is unknown to an eavesdropper. Both randomly moving legitimate parties, typically called Alice and Bob, were equipped with low-power wireless on-body sensor nodes, which collect the Received Signal Strength values. Additionally, the eavesdropper Eve, who is continuously sniffing the body-to-body channel using a third sensor node, collects her own sequence of RSS values, which are expected to be highly decorrelated from the RSS values from both Alice and Bob. Based on a statistical analysis, applied to Received Signal Strength values to verify the correlation, entropy and mutual information, the body-to-body link seems very suitable for RSS-based secret key generation in indoor and outdoor Wireless Body Area Networks. Moreover, this practical and lightweight alternative for secret key generation ensures low on-chip complexity and, hence, low computational power consumption.

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Section: Mutual Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RSS-based secret key generation for indoor and outdoor WBANs using on-body sensor nodes

Castel

Torre

Rogier

2016

2016 International Conference on Military Communications and Information Systems (ICMCIS)

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“…Furthermore, the inability of an eavesdropper to extract RSSI measurements allowing to crack the key has already been shown in [4].…”

Section: B Body-worn Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Determine the moving average of the last 70 RSS values (corresponding to the average over the last 7 s) [4].…”

Section: Key Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common off-theshelf wireless sensor transceivers operate in half-duplex mode, alternately switching between transmit (TX) and receive (RX) mode. Often the delay between reciprocal channel measurements is several milliseconds, allowing significant channel variation between both measurements [4]. Even if the measurement time slot is smaller than the coherence time of the channel, significant variation regularly occurs during signal notches caused by destructive interference within the measurement interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper the time slot for reciprocal channel measurement is reduced by almost an order of magnitude, to 614 µs instead of 5 ms in earlier publications [4]- [6]. This is possible thanks to an embedded software update on the wireless nodes, enabling the automatic TX-to-RX and RX-to-TX turnaround mode of the ADF7242 transceiver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key generation based on fast reciprocal channel estimation for body-worn sensor nodes

Torre

Brande

Verhaevert

et al. 2017

2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)

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Abstract-With the advent of the Internet of Things, bodyworn sensor nodes are continuously becoming more important. In case of bio-medical, rescue-worker or military applications sensitive data are often transmitted, requiring the need for encryption. The distribution of symmetric encryption keys is often an issue leading to security risks. Body-worn sensor nodes are generally employed in quickly varying channel conditions due to body movement. The radio-communication channel between such nodes is however reciprocal, allowing the extraction of an array of similar channel measurements at both ends of the link. These data can be used to build equal encryption keys at both link ends without the need for actual over-the-air key distribution. This paper studies the practical performance of an enhanced channel-based key generation system with a very short roundtrip delay, allowing reciprocal channel assessment with increased accuracy. Measurements were performed using the new system and the results of the enhanced key generation are evaluated. Although the performance is slightly increased thanks to the shorter round-trip delay, the accuracy of the signal level detector still imposes limits.

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RSS-Based Secret Key Generation in Wireless In-body Networks

Awan¹,

Kansanen²,

Perez-Simbor³

et al. 2019

2019 13th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT)

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Secure communication is considered as an integral part of next generation wireless implantable medical devices. In this work, we provide the symmetric cryptographic key generating approach by exploiting the randomness in received signal strength (RSS) for data encryption in an in-body network. The application of concern is the wireless modules for next generation leadless cardiac pacemaker with two units. For RSS based key generation method, both the units probe the wireless channel for RSS measurements within the coherence time and outputs the encryption key bits based on available randomness and quantization algorithm. To evaluate the available randomness in RSS measurements, the methodology of phantom experiments is adapted to emulate the cardiac cycle. It has been found that the measurements emulating the cardiac cycle can be approximated to follow the log-Normal distribution. Moreover, a high correlation of RSS measurements is observed across the pacemaker units to generate a symmetric key whereas the eavesdropper link is found to be highly de-correlated. Based on the available randomness, the quantization algorithm generates 2-bits per cardiac cycle and requires 64 cardiac cycles to generate a 128-bit binary key string with an average mismatch percentage of 1 % over 1000 key runs.

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Encrypted body-to-body wireless sensor node employing channel-state-based key generation

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

RSS-based secret key generation for indoor and outdoor WBANs using on-body sensor nodes

RSS-based secret key generation for indoor and outdoor WBANs using on-body sensor nodes

Key generation based on fast reciprocal channel estimation for body-worn sensor nodes

RSS-Based Secret Key Generation in Wireless In-body Networks

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