Encrypted Biography of Biomedical Image - a Pentalayer Cryptosystem on FPGA

Ravichandran, Dhivya; Rajagopalan, Sundararaman; Upadhyay, Har Narayan; Rayappan, John Bosco Balaguru; Amirtharajan, Rengarajan

doi:10.1007/s11265-018-1337-z

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The proposed encryption scheme utilized the Modulo 2 addition operation for the diffusion in the primary and secondary encryption stage. This necessitates the test to validate the resistance toward chosen plain text attack [ 21 ]. This resistance may be verified by applying the following equation: …”

Section: Results and Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, throughput of the algorithm has been calculated through timing analysis which was determined with the Zero Plus digital logic analyzer interfaced with target FPGA. The following Table 6 depicts the hardware analysis of the proposed encryption architecture which in terns compared with the existing FPGA based medical image encryption work [ 21 ].…”

Section: Results and Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chaos blended cellular automata on fractals: the effective way of reconfigurable hardware assisted medical image privacy

Sivaraman

Vijaykumar

Savarinathan

et al. 2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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In more recent times data continues to be generated at a very unprecedented scale. This is a result of the pervasive nature of modern-day digitisation. As such, it is absolutely critical that this data only be accessed by the trusted parties concerned in an effort to maintain the privacy of individuals. One particular type data that could severely compromise the identity and privacy of an individual is ‘ medical data ’. With a focus on medical images, this work proposes a novel ‘ fractalized ’ chaos-cellular automata encryption scheme, implemented on Cyclone IV EP2C35F672C6 FPGA, resulting in a hardware-based concurrent security solution. The scheme entails three stages of diffusion, which arise from different mechanisms. In tandem with the diffusion process is the “ On the Fly ” process of confusion governed by a Linear feedback Shift Register (LFSR), all of which in implemented by applying the nature of fractals. The security architecture occupies 16,351 Logic Elements (LEs) with 230 registers on the target FPGA with the power dissipation of 133.39 mW. Further, the encryption achieves near zero correlation with the average entropy of 15.17156 that ensures the statistical properties. In addition, the security framework requires 12.13 ms to encrypt a 256 × 256 × 16 DICOM image which results in the throughput of 86.44 Mbps. The proposed encryption resists the brute force attack and chosen plain text attack by achieving a very large span of keyspace.

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Section: Results and Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chaos blended cellular automata on fractals: the effective way of reconfigurable hardware assisted medical image privacy

Sivaraman

Vijaykumar

Savarinathan

et al. 2022

Multimed Tools Appl

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show abstract

“…In addition, NIST SP 800–22 tests have been carried out to ensure the randomness of the encrypted images. The contributions of the proposed work are as follows: Very first work on complete TRNG driven image encryption for greyscale and RGB colour images incorporating both confusion and diffusion whereas some of the earlier works used the TRNG only for diffusion [17–20]. Simple TRNG architecture which consumes only 520 combinational logics and 524 logic registers on Cyclone IV EP4CE115F29C7 FPGA. Identical and Non‐identical Ring Oscillator structures have been utilised for yielding better confusion and diffusion. The scheme offers large keyspace of 2 (8×65536+1) which promises resistance against brute force attack. This scheme yields a high entropy of 7.99 and near‐zero correlation which confirms the resistance towards the statistical attacks when applied on more than 100 test images. The proposed non‐chaotic approach improves the efficiency of the encryption and it makes the design free from intensive floating‐point conversions. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A five‐layer DICOM medical image encryption proposed by Ravichandran et al [20] incorporated a PLL‐based synthetic image which consumed 98 hardware units for a generation. In all these works, chaotic maps/attractors played a significant role along with TRNG‐based random images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ring oscillator as confusion – diffusion agent: a complete TRNG drove image security

et al. 2020

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“…In the diagnosis of diseases, medical images play a vital role as to secure digital images widely over the internet. Today healthcare organizations can dislocate financial barriers by eliminating traditional-IT fuss associated with sharing, exchanging and storing diagnostic imaging [19]- [21]. Cybercriminals tag information regarding the patient, such as names, birth dates and health insurance contract indulged in the act of stealing about 20 dollars on the black market, according to researchers at Aberdeen Group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CR Assisted IE Guarded Authenticated Biomedical Image Transactions

et al. 2018

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In this android era, the word spectrum is connected with trillion faces. The underutilization problem of the spectrum in most of the applications results in the paucity of this scarce resource. Cognitive radio (CR) is an astute technology implemented for the opportunistic usage of idle spectrum resource dynamically. This paper focuses on sensing of the vacant channels, and it is pre-owned for the transmission of encrypted DICOM information. The proposed algorithm involves encryption schemes like RC5, latin square image cipher, deoxyribo nucleic acid, and discrete Gould transform (DGT) to render confusion, diffusion, and permutation operations. Further, the uncorrelated cipher image is transmitted via the identified unused licensed spectrum. The proposed scheme guarantees the authorised transactions among the stack holders like patients, doctors, and hospital management systems. It also ascertains and enhances the validation of the cipher biomedical interactions among peers by assuring tamper proofing using DGT. Simulations have been conceded over universal software radio peripheral to validate the biomedical data transactions after sensing the unused spectrum. Metrics like global-local entropies, correlation coefficients, key sensitivity, chi-square tests, cropping attacks and differential attack analysis were estimated to authenticate the robustness of the projected encryption scheme.

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Encrypted Biography of Biomedical Image - a Pentalayer Cryptosystem on FPGA

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

Chaos blended cellular automata on fractals: the effective way of reconfigurable hardware assisted medical image privacy

Chaos blended cellular automata on fractals: the effective way of reconfigurable hardware assisted medical image privacy

Ring oscillator as confusion – diffusion agent: a complete TRNG drove image security

CR Assisted IE Guarded Authenticated Biomedical Image Transactions

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