Encounter norms among visitors at a national park in Turkey

Abstract

This article examined response format effects on norm prevalence (i.e., the percent of individuals who could specify a norm). Data were collected in Dilek Peninsula Büyük Menderes Delta National Park, in Turkey. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the “semi-open” response format, respondents (n = 458) “wrote a number” for an acceptable number of visitor encounters. In the “closed” format, respondents (n = 459) “circled a number” of acceptable encounters, along a range of possible responses. Results showed that encounter norm prevalence was significantly and consistently higher for the closed format of the survey, as compared to the semi-open version. In addition, among those reporting a norm, the average tolerance levels were statistically higher in the semi-open format. Implications for applying the normative approach across different cultures are discussed.

Determining the Effects of Pre and Post Rafting Experience on Perceived Crowding: A Quasi-Experimental Study

“…In addition, the number of expected visitors can also affect the perception of crowding. For instance, when people experience fewer visitors than expected, they will likely feel a low level of perceived crowding (Bingul, 2017; Jin et al, 2016). In this context, determining the number of people that area managers expect visitors to encounter in an area can provide more realistic data for creating crowd norms.…”

Landscape Based Visitor Carrying Capacity Analysis in Park Design

“…Turizm bölgeleri ve özellikle korunan doğal alanlar için sosyal taşıma kapasitesi üzerine çok sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır ve bunlardan en bilineni Shelby ve Heberlein'in (1984) çalışmalarıdır. Kalabalık normları (Vaske ve diğerleri, 2016;Bingül et al, 2017), rekreasyon deneyim kalitesi ya da memnuniyeti (Schreyer ve diğerleri, 1984, Manning and Lawson, 2002, Göktuğ ve Arpa, 2015, zamansal ve yersel görsel peyzaj değeri (Li ve diğerleri, 2021), kullanıcı özellikleri ve park kullanımı ilişkisi, vb. sosyal taşıma kapasitesi ölçümlerinde başvurulan diğer uygulamalardır.…”